Electric Spring based Voltage Control of DC Microgrids using Intelligent Controllers

Authors

Keywords:

Electric Spring (ES), PI control, DC-DC converter microgrids (MG), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Model Predictive Controller (MPC).

Abstract

The Electric Spring (ES) is a piece of power electronic equipment used to boost system stability, lessen three-phase power imbalance, and increase power quality. When ES modifies the conventional methods of operation where the generated energy differs from the load energy, the new operational strategy where the load energy changes with the generation energy changes will be realized. Future sustainable microgrids (MGs) require essential components like solar and wind-generated electricity. The power imbalance between the generating side and the load side will be caused by RESs' intermittency, instability, and lack of prediction accuracy, among other traits. Additionally, both the grid's security and the caliber of the power being delivered will be impacted. This paper presents an effective idea known as the Electrical Spring for controlling mains voltage despite variations brought on by intermittent renewable energy sources in the DC microgrid setting. In this study, a DC-DC converter is equipped with a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to be able to examine power quality problems like, voltage ripple and voltage regulation. The MATLAB is used to run the simulation in the Simulink environment. The results of the artificial neural network (ANN)-based intelligent controller, Model Predictive Controller (MPC) and the conventional PI controller are compared with the performance parameters that the proposed FLC controller has obtained. A study based on Matlab simulation results is conducted and published to support the effectiveness and accuracy of the suggested control strategy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Khaizaran Abdulhussein Al Sumarmad, Nasri Sulaiman, Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab and Hashim Hizam, “Energy Management and Voltage Control in Microgrids Using Artificial Neural Networks, PID, and Fuzzy Logic Controllers”, Energies 2022, 15, 303.

Jayantika Soni and Sanjib Kumar Panda, “Electric Spring for Voltage and Power Stability and Power Factor Correction”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, VOL. 53, NO. 4, JULY/AUGUST 2017, pp. 3871-3878, 2017.

S. Y. Hui, C. K. Lee, and F. F. Wu, "Electric springs—A new smart grid technology," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1552-1561, 2012.

L. Liang, Y. Hou, and D. J. Hill, "Enhancing Flexibility of An Islanded Microgrid with Electric Springs," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2017.

M. Parvania and M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, “Demand response scheduling by stochastic SCUC,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp.89-98, Jun. 2010.

C. K. Lee, B. Chaudhuri, and S. Y. R. Hui, “Hardware and control implementation of electric springs for stabilizing future smart grid with intermittent renewable energy sources,” IEEE Trans. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18–27, Mar 2013.

S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, and S. Y. R. Hui, “General steady-state analysis and control principle of electric springs with active and reactive power compensations,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 3958-3969, 2013.

Molina, M.G. Energy storage and power electronics technologies: A strong combination to empower the transformation to the smart grid. Proc. IEEE 2017, 105, 2191–2219. [CrossRef]

E. Areed, M. Abido and A. Al-Awami, “Switching model analysis and implementation of electric spring for voltage regulation in smart grids”, IET Gener. Transm. Dis.: Special Issue: Smart Grid Voltage Control, vol.17, no.15, pp.3703-3712, 2017.

I. Koutsopoulos and L. Tassiulas, “Challenges in demand load control for the smart grid,” IEEE Netw., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 16–21, Sep.–Oct. 2011.

Q. Wang, M. Cheng, and Y. Jiang, “Harmonics suppression for critical loads using electric springs with current-source inverters,” IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Topics Power Electron., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1362–1369, Dec. 2016.

Justo, J.J.; Mwasilu, F.; Lee, J.; Jung, J.W. AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 24, 387–405. [CrossRef]

X. Chen, Y. Hou, S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, and S. Y. R. Hui, “Mitigating voltage and frequency fluctuation in microgrids using electric springs,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 508–515, Mar. 2015.

Q. Xu, C. Zhang, C. Wen and P. Wang, "A Novel Composite Nonlinear Controller for Stabilization of Constant Power Load in DC Microgrid," in IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 752-761, Jan. 2019.

S. Yan, S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, and S. Y. R. Hui, “Electric spring for power quality improvement,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2014, pp. 2140–2147.

K. Strunz, E. Abbasi and D. N. Huu, “DC microgrid for wind and solar power integration,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 115–126, Mar. 2014.

J. L. Woodbridge, “Application of storage batteries to regulation of alternating-current systems,” Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Eng., vol. XXVII, no. 2, pp. 987–1012, 1908.

K. H. Kwan, Y. S. Png, Y. C. Chu, and P. L. So, “Model Predictive Control of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power Quality Improvement”, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, Oct 1–3, Singapore, 2007, pp. 919–921.

Downloads

Published

16.12.2022

How to Cite

P. Naga Lakshmi, R. Ashok Kumar, & K. Hari Krishna. (2022). Electric Spring based Voltage Control of DC Microgrids using Intelligent Controllers. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 10(4), 534–539. Retrieved from https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/2320

Issue

Section

Research Article