An Efficient Sentiment Analysis Technique for Virtual Learning Environments using Deep Learning model and Fine-Tuned EdBERT

Authors

  • Gaurav Srivastav Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sharda University, Greater Noida,UP, India, 201010
  • Shri Kant Department of Cyber Security and Cryptology Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India, 201010
  • Durgesh Srivastava Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chitkara University, Rajpura, India, 140401

Keywords:

Virtual Learning Environment, Sentiment Analysis, Google BERT, Fine-Tuning, AIEd.

Abstract

In the present age of advancement in computing through the application of artificial intelligence, a host of programming and modules are designed to facilitate a virtual learning environment, each claiming its own efficacies and usefulness in virtual learning during the pandemic. The present paper endeavors to design a unique model, named for the first time as EdBERT, for sentiment analyses of virtual learners with most accuracy of their review classification. The model focuses on an improved version of sentiment analyses with Google BERT while facilitating educational feedback corpus. The methodology used is a comparative study using the tool ‘fine-tuned Google BERT’, which is trained at three different stages for understanding the language, context, sentiments and thus, performs classification of learners’ feedback accurately. The model and its functioning are given in the discussion with valid proofs of accuracy testing and analyses. EdBERT stands as a state-of-the-art model in AIEd sentiment analyses with the best evaluation matrix so far with 87.89% accuracy, 88 % F1- score, 89 % Precision, 88 % Recall values. These values are of evaluation matrix is better than any other recent models discussed in the article. AIEd is comparatively new domain which is getting explored by academic researchers and scientists to im-prove the productivity of the learners, instructors and the learning environment. This work is a deep learning and natural language processing models can be used to provide reliable sentiment analysis with three basic sentiments class. Further this work can be extended with Plutchik’s wheel of emotion that will help in capturing the emotions with help of AI and Deep Learning more correctly.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Radhakrishnan, K.; Ramakrishnan, D.; Khalaf, O.I.; Uddin, M.; Chen, C.-L.; Wu, C.-M. A Novel Deep Learning-Based Cooperative Communication Channel Model for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks. Sensors 2022, 22, 4475. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124475

Malik, Praveen Kumar, Arshi Naim, and Ramendra Singh, eds. Printed Antennas: Design and Challenges. CRC Press, 2022.

Xieling Chen, Haoran Xie, Gwo-Jen Hwang, A multi-perspective study on Artificial Intelligence in Education: grants, conferences, journals, software tools, institutions, and researchers, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1, 2020, 100005,ISSN 2666-920X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.10000

Asghar, J., M. Tabasam, M. M. Althobaiti, A. Adnan Ashour, M. A. Aleid, O. Ibrahim Khalaf, and T. H. H. Aldhyani. "A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Two Treatment Strategies, Evaluating the Meaningfulness of HAM-D Rating Scale in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Front." Psychiatry 13 (2022): 873693.

Alencar, M. A. S., and J. F. M. Netto (2011). Improving cooperation in virtual learning environments using multi-agent systems and AIML. In: Proceedings 41th Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). Rapid City, South Dakota, USA, 1, 1713–19.

Azevedo, B. T., E. Reategui, and P. A. Behar. 2014. Analysis of the relevance of posts in asynchronous discussions. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects 10:106–20.

Longhi, M. T., P. A. Behar, and M. Bercht AnimA-K: Recognizing student’s mood during the learning process. In: WCCE2009-9th IFIP World Conference on Computers in Education, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil. July 27-31, 2009.

Bastos, H. P. P., M. Bercht, and L. K. Wives. Proposal of a model and software for identification of social presence indicators in virtual learning environments. D. G. Sampson, P. Isaias, D. Ifenthaler, and J. Michael Spector, ed.. 201. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 2013. vol. 1. 159–72.

Liu, Jing-Qiu, "The emotional bond between teachers and students: Multi-year relationships." Phi Delta Kappan 79, no. 2 (1997): 156.

Gibbs, Graham. Using assessment to support student learning. Leeds Met Press, 2010.

Sengan, S., Khalaf, O.I., Ettiyagounder, P., Sharma, D.K., Karrupusamy, R. (2022). Novel Approximation Booths Multipliers for Error Recovery of Data-Driven Using Machine Learning. In: Liatsis, P., Hussain, A., Mostafa, S.A., Al-Jumeily, D. (eds) Emerging Technology Trends in Internet of Things and Computing. TIOTC 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1548. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97255-4_22

Alper Kursat Uysal and Serkan Gunal. 2014. The impact of preprocessing on text classification. Information Processing & Management, 50(1):104–112.

Yoav Goldberg. 2016. A primer on neural network models for natural language processing. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 57:345–420.

Jose Camacho-Collados and Mohammad Taher Pilehvar. 2018. From word to sense embeddings: A survey on vector representations of meaning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR).

Kucher, K., C. Paradis, and A. Kerren. 2018. The state of the art in sentiment visualization.Computer Graphics Forum,37, Wiley Online Library, pp. 71-96.

Lin, Q., Zhu, Y., Zhang, S., Shi, P., Guo, Q., & Niu, Z. (2019). Lexical based automated teaching evaluation via students’ short reviews. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 27(1), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22068

Hamilton Ortiz, Jesus, Carlos Andres Tavera Romero, Bazil Taha Ahmed, and Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf. "QoS in FANET

Ekman, P. 2011. A linguagem das emocoes (C. Szlak, Trad.). Sao Paulo: Lua de Papel. (Obra original publicada 2003).

Plutchik, P. 2001. A nature of emotions. American Scientis 89 (4):344–50. doi:10.1511/2001.4.344.

Elia, G., Solazzo, G., Lorenzo, G., & Passiante, G. (2019). Assessing learners’ satisfaction in collaborative online courses through a big data approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 92,589–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.033

21. Lin, H.-C. K., Chen, N.-S., Sun, R.-T., & Tsai, I.-H. (2014). Usability of affective interfaces for a digital art tutoring system. Behaviour & Information Technology, 33(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2012.702356

Rani, S., & Kumar, P. (2017). A sentiment analysis system to improve teaching and learning. Computer, 50(5), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2017.133

Ortigosa, A., Martín, J. M., & Carro, R. M. (2014). Sentiment analysis in Facebook and its application to e-learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 527–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.024

Liu, S., Peng, X., Cheng, H. N. H., Liu, Z., Sun, J., & Yang, C. (2019). Unfolding sentimental and behavioral tendencies of learners’ concerned topics from course in a MOOC. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(3), 670–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633118757181J

Jena, R. K. (2019). Sentiment mining in a collaborative learning environment: Capitalising on big data. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(9), 986–1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1625440

Liu, Z., Yang, C., Rüdian, S., Liu, S., Zhao, L., & Wang, T. (2019). Temporal emotion-aspect modeling for discovering what students are concerned about in online course forums. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(5–6), 598–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1610449

Huang, C.-Q., Han, Z.-M., Li, M.-X., Jong, M. S., & Tsai, C.-C. (2019). Investigating students’ interaction patterns and dynamic learning sentiments in online discussions. Computers & Education, 140, 103589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.05.015

Arguedas, M., Xhafa, F., Casillas, L., Daradoumis, T., Peña, A., & Caballé, S. (2018). A model for providing emotion awareness and feedback using fuzzy logic in online learning. Soft Computing, 22(3), 963–977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-016-2399-0

Yang, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, S., Min, L., & Meng, W. (2014). Adaptive multi-view selection for semi-supervised emotion recognition of posts in online student community. Neurocomputing, 144, 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.05.055

Leong, C. K., Lee, Y. H., & Mak, W. K. (2012). Mining sentiments in SMS texts for teaching evaluation. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 2584–2589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.08.113

Hixson, T. (2020). Reactions vs. reality: Using sentiment analysis to measure university students’ responses to learning ArcGIS. Journal of Map & Geography Libraries,1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2020.1719266.

Hew, K. F., Hu, X., Qiao, C., & Tang, Y. (2020). What predicts student satisfaction with MOOCs: A gradient boosting trees supervised machine learning and sentiment analysis approach. Computers & Education, 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103724.

Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. "Attention is all you need." Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017).

Kaur, G., Goyal, R.K. & Mehta, R. An efficient handover mechanism for 5G networks using hybridization of LSTM and SVM. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 37057–37085 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11510-x

Kumar, A. Contextual semantics using hierarchical attention network for sentiment classification in social internet-of-things. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 36967–36982 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11262-8

Devlin, Jacob, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. "Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding." arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018).

Wang, Alex, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel R. Bowman. "GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding." arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.07461 (2018).

Rajpurkar, Pranav, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang. "Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text." arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.05250 (2016).

Zellers, Rowan, Yonatan Bisk, Roy Schwartz, and Yejin Choi. "Swag: A large-scale adversarial dataset for grounded commonsense inference." arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.05326 (2018).

Williamson, S., Vijayakumar, K. & Kadam, V.J. Predicting breast cancer biopsy outcomes from BI-RADS findings using random forests with chi-square and MI features. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 36869–36889 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11114-5

Gnanavel, S., M. Sreekrishna, Vinodhini Mani, G. Kumaran, R. S. Amshavalli, Sadeen Alharbi, Mashael Maashi et al. "Analysis of Fault Classifiers to Detect the Faults and Node Failures in a Wireless Sensor Network." Electronics 11, no. 10 (2022): 1609.

Goyal, S., Bhatia, P.K. Heterogeneous stacked ensemble classifier for software defect prediction. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 37033–37055 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11488-6

Puri, A., Gupta, M.K. & Sachdev, K. An ensemble-based approach using structural feature extraction method with class imbalance handling technique for drug-target interaction prediction. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 37499–37517 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-13508-5

Srividhya, S. R., C. Kavitha, Wen-Cheng Lai, Vinodhini Mani, and Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf. "A Machine Learning Algorithm to Automate Vehicle Classification and License Plate Detection." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (2022).

Banumathy, D., Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf, Carlos Andres Tavera Romero, J. Indra, and Dilip Kumar Sharma. "Cad of bcd from thermal mammogram images using machine learning." INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING 34, no. 1 (2022): 667-685.

Ogudo, Kingsley A., R. Surendran, and Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf. "Optimal artificial intelligence based automated skin lesion detection and classification model." Computer Systems Science and Engineering 44, no. 1 (2023): 693-707.

Kandhro I A, et al. 2019 Student Feedback Sentiment Analysis Model using Various Machine Learning Schemes: A Review Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Pouromid, Mohammadjalal, Arman Yekkehkhani, Mohammadreza Asghari Oskoei, and Amin Aminimehr. "ParsBERT Post-Training for Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Concerning Stock Market." In 2021 26th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran (CSICC), pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2021.

Banumathy, D., Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf, Carlos Andres Tavera Romero, P. Vishnu Raja, and Dilip Kumar Sharma. "Breast calcifications and histopathological analysis on tumour detection by CNN." COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 44, no. 1 (2023): 595-612.

Dos Santos Alencar, Márcio Aurélio, José Francisco de Magalhães Netto, and Felipe de Morais. "A sentiment analysis framework for virtual learning environment." Applied Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 7 (2021): 520-536.

Ambuj Kumar Agarwal, Gulista Khan, Shamimul Qamar, Niranjan Lal,Localization and correction of location information for nodes in UWSN-LCLI,Advances in Engineering Software,Volume 173,2022,103265,ISSN 0965-9978,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2022.103265

R. Sharma, H. Pandey, and A. K. Agarwal, “Exploiting artificial intelligence for combating COVID-19 : a review and appraisal,” vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 514–520, 2023, doi: 10.11591/eei.v12i1.4366.

D. Srivastava, H. Pandey, and A. K. Agarwal, “Complex predictive analysis for health care : a comprehensive review,” vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 521–531, 2023, doi: 10.11591/eei.v12i1.4373.

A. K. . Agarwal, V. . Kiran, R. K. . Jindal, D. . Chaudhary, and R. G. . Tiwari, “Optimized Transfer Learning for Dog Breed Classification”, Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng, vol. 10, no. 1s, pp. 18–22, Oct. 2022.

The proposed EdBERT model

Downloads

Published

16.04.2023

How to Cite

Srivastav, G. ., Kant, S. ., & Srivastava, D. . (2023). An Efficient Sentiment Analysis Technique for Virtual Learning Environments using Deep Learning model and Fine-Tuned EdBERT. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 11(5s), 468–476. Retrieved from https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/2808