Prediction & Analysis of Covid-19 Cases Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (Arima)
Keywords:
Covid-19, ARIMA, time series, predictionAbstract
For the past three years world is facing the pandemic COVID-19. For effective handling of COVID-19, accurate decisions should be taken. The accuracy of making any decision is totally dependent on the relevant data and the information. To determine the present situation of the COVID- 19 the collected data from the various states and Union Territories are processed and analyzed. The Collected data from the various resources also helps to forecast the expected confirmed cases in the future. In this paper, the prediction of positive cases of Covid-19 was carried out using the ARIMA time series model. The predictions made in this study were limited to the addition of positive cases of Covid-19 in India. The analysis and visualization of the data were performed using Python. The obtained results of the predictive analysis showed a trend of daily positive cases that tend to rise in the next 98 days from the data used.
Downloads
References
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
Berche, Patrick. (2022). The Spanish flu. La Presse Médicale. 51. 104127. 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104127.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Ahmed, Selmi & Ramazani, Ali. (2022). SARS-CoV-2. 10.22034/CHEMM.2022.335353.1462.
Taghvaei, Amirhossein & Georgiou, Tryphon & Norton, Larry & Tannenbaum, Allen. (2020). Fractional SIR epidemiological models. Scientific Reports. 10. 10.1038/s41598-020-77849-7.
CATAL, C., ECE, K., Arslan, B., & Akbulut, A. (2019). Benchmarking of Regression Algorithms and Time Series Analysis Techniques for Sales Forecasting. Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.494920
Grégoire, Gérard. (2022). 3 - ARMA AND ARIMA TIME SERIES. 10.1051/978-2-7598-2741-1.c008.
Syeda HB, Syed M, Sexton KW, Syed S, Begum S, Syed F, Prior F, Yu F Jr. Role of Machine Learning Techniques to Tackle the COVID-19 Crisis: Systematic Review. JMIR Med Inform. 2021 Jan 11;9(1):e23811. doi: 10.2196/23811. PMID: 33326405; PMCID: PMC7806275.
https://covid19.who.int/region/searo/country/in.
Response, Chinese. (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi. 41. 145-151. 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003.
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020 Mar 19;91(1):157-160. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397. PMID: 32191675; PMCID: PMC7569573.
Alzahrani, Saleh & Aljamaan, Ibrahim & Al-Fakih, Ebrahim. (2020). Forecasting the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia Using ARIMA Prediction Model Under Current Public Health Interventions. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 13. 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.001.
Shetty, Rashmi & Pai, P.. (2021). Forecasting of COVID 19 Cases in Karnataka State using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B. 102. 10.1007/s40031-021-00623-4.
Schaback, Robert. (2020). On COVID-19 Modelling. Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung. 122. 10.1365/s13291-020-00219-9.
Ghosh, Rakhi. (2022). Covid-19. 10.4324/9781003291527-20.
Henry, Timothy & Garcia, Santiago. (2022). COVID-19. Cardiology Clinics. 40. i. 10.1016/S0733-8651(22)00036-4.
Gong, Michelle & Martin, Gregory. (2022). COVID-19. Critical Care Clinics. 38. i. 10.1016/S0749-0704(22)00027-6.
Adesanya-Davies, Funmilayo. (2022). COVID-19.
Seidel, Karen. (2022). Modelling binary classification with computability theory. 10.25932/publishup-52998.
Krispin, R. (2019). Hands-On Time Series Analysis with R: Perform time series analysis and forecasting using R. Packt Publishing.
Lazzeri, F. (2020). Machine Learning for Time Series Forecasting with Python. Wiley.
Nielsen, A. (2019). Practical Time Series Analysis: Prediction with Statistics and Machine Learning (1st ed.). O’Reilly Media.
Shumway, R. H., & Stoffer, D. S. (2017). Time Series Analysis and Its Applications: With R Examples (Springer Texts in Statistics) (4th ed. 2017 ed.). Springer.
Jones, R.H.. (2018). Autoregressive Moving Average Errors. 10.1201/9780203748640-6.
Neusser, Klaus. (2016). Autoregressive Moving-Average Models. 10.1007/978-3-319-32862-1_2.
Hoffmann, John. (2021). Homoscedasticity. 10.1201/9781003162230-9.
Yang, K., Tu, J., & Chen, T. (2019). Homoscedasticity: an overlooked critical assumption for linear regression. General Psychiatry, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100148.
Arora, Jyoti & Mahajan, Palvi & Singh, Trapti. (2019). SURVEY ON ARIMA (Autoregressive integrated moving average).
Parbat, Debanjan & Chakraborty, onisha. (2020). A Python based Support Vector Regression Model for prediction of Covid19 cases in India. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. 138. 109942. 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109942.
Fanelli, Duccio & Piazza, Francesco. (2020). Analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy and France. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. 134. 109761. 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109761.
Ma, R., Zheng, X., Wang, P., Liu, H., & Zhang, C. (2021). The prediction and analysis of COVID-19 epidemic trend by combining LSTM and Markov method. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 17421. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97037-5.
Devaraj, J., Madurai Elavarasan, R., Pugazhendhi, R., Shafiullah, G. M., Ganesan, S., Jeysree, A. K., Khan, I. A., & Hossain, E. (2021). Forecasting of COVID-19 cases using deep learning models: Is it reliable and practically significant? Results in Physics, 21, 103817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103817.
Bouhaddour, S., Saadi, C., Bouabdallaoui, I., Guerouate, F., & Sbihi, M. (2022). Recurrent Neural Network and Auto-Regressive Recurrent Neural Network for trend prediction of COVID-19 in India. ITM Web of Conferences, 46, 02007. https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224602007.
Zahra Mahdavi , Maryam Khademi Prediction of Oil Production with: Data Mining, Neuro-Fuzzy and Linear Regression International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, June 2012
Julianti Kasih, Mewati Ayub, Sani Susanto Predicting students’ final passing results using the Apriori Algorithm World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education 2013 WIETE Vol.11, No.4, 2013
Stephen Mangara Wainana, Joseph Njuguna Karomo, Rachael Kyalo, Noah Mutai Using Data Mining Techniques and R Software to Analyze Crime Data in Kenya International Journal of Data Science and Analysis 2020; 6(1): 20-31 ISSN: 2575-1883 (Print); ISSN: 2575-1891 (Online)
Hoque, A., Malek, A. & Zaman, K.M.R.A. Data analysis and prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak in the first and second waves for top 5 affected countries in the world. Nonlinear Dyn 109, 77–90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-022-07473-9
Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Simrann Arora, Akash Gupta , Mazhar Javed Awan , Gopal Chaudharyand Haitham Nobanee “AI-Enabled COVID-19 Outbreak Analysis and Prediction: Indian States vs. Union Territories” Computers, Materials & Continua, CMC, 2021, vol.67, no.1 , DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014221
Abdullah Ali H. Ahmadini , Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Aamir , Raimi Dewan, Shokrya Saleh A. Alshqaq and Wali Khan Mashwan “Analysis and Forecast of the Number of Deaths, Recovered Cases, and Confirmed Cases From COVID-19 for the Top Four Affected Countries Using Kalman Filter” Frontiers in Physics, August 2021 | Volume 9, doi: 10.3389/fphy.2021.629320
Satu, M.S.; Howlader, K.C.; Mahmud, M.; Kaiser, M.S.; Shariful Islam, S.M.; Quinn, J.M.W.; Alyami, S.A.; Moni, M.A. Short-Term Prediction of COVID-19 Cases Using Machine Learning Models. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4266. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app110942
Hao Y, Xu T, Hu H, Wang P, Bai Y (2020) Prediction and analysis of Corona Virus Disease 2019. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0239960. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239960
Ruifang Ma1, Xinqi Zheng, PeipeiWang, Haiyan Liu,Chunxiao Zhang, The prediction and analysis of COVID‑19 epidemic trend by combining LSTM and Markov method Scientifc Reports | (2021) 11:17421 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97037-5
Song, Z.; Xu, Y.; Bao, L.; Zhang, L.; Yu, P.; Qu, Y.; Zhu, H.; Zhao, W.; Han, Y.; Qin, C. From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight. Viruses 2019, 11, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010059
M. Farhan, S. Jabbar and M. R. Shahid, "Prediction and Analysis of Covid-19 Positive Cases Using Deep Learning Model," 2021 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), Quetta, Pakistan, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICECube53880.2021.9628335.
S. Shaikh, J. Gala, A. Jain, S. Advani, S. Jaidhara and M. Roja Edinburgh, "Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 using Regression Models and Time Series Forecasting," 2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), Noida, India, 2021, pp. 989-995, doi: 10.1109/Confluence51648.2021.9377137.
Andrew Hernandez, Stephen Wright, Yosef Ben-David, Rodrigo Costa, David Botha. Risk Assessment and Management with Machine Learning in Decision Science. Kuwait Journal of Machine Learning, 2(3). Retrieved from http://kuwaitjournals.com/index.php/kjml/article/view/196
Andrew Hernandez, Stephen Wright, Yosef Ben-David, Rodrigo Costa, David Botha. Intelligent Decision Making: Applications of Machine Learning in Decision Science. Kuwait Journal of Machine Learning, 2(3). Retrieved from http://kuwaitjournals.com/index.php/kjml/article/view/197
Dhabliya, D. (2021). Delay-tolerant sensor network (DTN) implementation in cloud computing. Paper presented at the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, , 1979(1) doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1979/1/012031 Retrieved from www.scopus.com
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.