High-Speed FPGA-Based Video Watermarking Using LSB Technique in the Spatial Domain
Keywords:
MATLAB, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), watermarking, benchmarkAbstract
In the digital era, watermarking is crucial for copyright protection and content authentication, responding to the challenges posed by digital media's easy duplication and distribution. This paper introduces an innovative approach to digital video watermarking, leveraging hardware implementation for enhanced security and efficiency. By employing the Spartan 3E-XC3S1600 FPGA and VHDL programming, the study focuses on embedding and extracting watermarks in parallel processing on uncompressed digital videos in the spatial domain, using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique. MATLAB software supports the pre-processing and post-processing phases. The system's performance is remarkable, achieving a high Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 45.0225 and a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) score of 0.9867, indicative of quality watermarking with minimal impact on the original video content. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional processing speed, handling video at 139.47 frames per second (fps) at a frequency of 75 MHz. This study presents a robust solution for digital watermarking. It sets a benchmark for future research in the field, combining hardware efficiency and software flexibility to cater to the evolving needs of digital media security.
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