Analysis on Shape and Geometry Effects of Primary Secondary Coils for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System
Keywords:
dynamic remote power move, curl shape, calculation, brief survey, essential loop, optional curlAbstract
Currently, greenhouse gas reduction is one of the most important aspects of climate change. Even with more restrictive emission laws, an energy transition is taking place towards clean energy. The automotive industry is also affected by this process, where an electric revolution is taking place. Electric Vehicle (EV) accusing is one of the new challenges emerging. A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system charges cars while driving or parking on roads, highways, or at city intersegment. When the battery runs out, the user does not have to worry about plugging in charger cables. Additionally, some people believe that vehicles that need long cruising ranges, such as large trucks and buses, are not suitable because batteries are generally expensive and heavy. In the future, we will be able to transport even more people and things if we can realize this DWPT system. Coil geometry affects power quality. The classic theories are often used to design coils, but this method does not work for coils with complex shapes. An irregular current excites the transmission coil, which produces an electromagnetic field dependent on its dimensions, drive current and frequency. Transmission and reception coils are coupled inductively. An analysis of the fundamental operation of DWPT for EVs is obtainable in this appraisal tabloid. It is the purpose of this review to provide an understanding of the geometrical properties of various coils when used as a transmitter. Various coils are analyzed and compared using electromagnetic results to achieve this objective. Analyzing the effects of innovative coils on different conditions is the purpose of this review paper. Our statistical analysis of the DWPT system has identified trends, challenges, and opportunities for further improvement.
Downloads
References
Covic, G.A. and Boys, J.T., 2013. Inductive power transfer. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(6), pp.1276-1289.
Sample, A.P., Waters, B.H., Wisdom, S.T. and Smith, J.R., 2013. Enabling seamless wireless power delivery in dynamic environments. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(6), pp.1343-1358.
Liu, L., Zhang, R. and Chua, K.C., 2013. Wireless information and power transfer: A dynamic power splitting approach. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 61(9), pp.3990-4001.
Liu, L., Zhang, R. and Chua, K.C., 2013. Wireless information and power transfer: A dynamic power splitting approach. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 61(9), pp.3990-4001.
Lee, K., Pantic, Z. and Lukic, S.M., 2013. Reflexive field containment in dynamic inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on power Electronics, 29(9), pp.4592-4602.
Lim, Y., Tang, H., Lim, S. and Park, J., 2013. An adaptive impedance-matching network based on a novel capacitor matrix for wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(8), pp.4403-4413.
Hao, H., Covic, G.A. and Boys, J.T., 2013. An approximate dynamic model of LCL-$ T $-based inductive power transfer power supplies. IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, 29(10), pp.5554-5567.
Swain, A.K., Devarakonda, S. and Madawala, U.K., 2014. Modeling, sensitivity analysis, and controller synthesis of multipickup bidirectional inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), pp.1372-1380.
Yang, G., Ho, C.K. and Guan, Y.L., 2014. Dynamic resource allocation for multiple-antenna wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 62(14), pp.3565-3577.
Yang, G., Ho, C.K. and Guan, Y.L., 2014. Dynamic resource allocation for multiple-antenna wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 62(14), pp.3565-3577.
Li, H., Wang, K., Huang, L., Chen, W. and Yang, X., 2014. Dynamic modeling based on coupled modes for wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11), pp.6245-6253.
Zhu, L., Yang, Q., Yan, R., Zhang, X. and Yang, Y., 2015. Research on dynamic vibration of transformer with wireless power transfer system load. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51(11), pp.1-4.
Low, Z.N., Chinga, R.A., Tseng, R. and Lin, J., 2008. Design and test of a high-power high-efficiency loosely coupled planar wireless power transfer system. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 56(5), pp.1801-1812.
Low, Z.N., Casanova, J.J., Maier, P.H., Taylor, J.A., Chinga, R.A. and Lin, J., 2009. Method of load/fault detection for loosely coupled planar wireless power transfer system with power delivery tracking. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(4), pp.1478-1486.
Zhang, F., Hackworth, S.A., Fu, W., Li, C., Mao, Z. and Sun, M., 2011. Relay effect of wireless power transfer using strongly coupled magnetic resonances. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47(5), pp.1478-1481.
Kim, J., Son, H.C., Kim, K.H. and Park, Y.J., 2011. Efficiency analysis of magnetic resonance wireless power transfer with intermediate resonant coil. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10, pp.389-392.
Kiani, M. and Ghovanloo, M., 2012. The circuit theory behind coupled-mode magnetic resonance-based wireless power transmission. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 59(9), pp.2065-2074.
Lee, K. and Cho, D.H., 2012. Diversity analysis of multiple transmitters in wireless power transfer system. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 49(6), pp.2946-2952.
Li, H., Wang, K., Huang, L., Chen, W. and Yang, X., 2014. Dynamic modeling based on coupled modes for wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11), pp.6245-6253.
Diekhans, T. and De Doncker, R.W., 2015. A dual-side controlled inductive power transfer system optimized for large coupling factor variations and partial load. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11), pp.6320-6328.
Tavakoli, R. and Pantic, Z., 2017. Analysis, design, and demonstration of a 25-kW dynamic wireless charging system for roadway electric vehicles. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 6(3), pp.1378-1393.
Wang, Z., Cui, S., Han, S., Song, K., Zhu, C., Matveevich, M.I. and Yurievich, O.S., 2017. A novel magnetic coupling mechanism for dynamic wireless charging system for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(1), pp.124-133.
Vu, V.B., Dahidah, M., Pickert, V. and Phan, V.T., 2019. A high-power multiphase wireless dynamic charging system with low output power pulsation for electric vehicles. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 8(4), pp.3592-3608.
Alkasir, A., Abdollahi, S.E., Abdollahi, S.R. and Wheeler, P., 2022. Enhancement of dynamic wireless power transfer system by model predictive control. IET Power Electronics, 15(1), pp.67-79.
Fujita, T., Kishi, H., Uno, H. and Kaneko, Y., 2019. A real-car experiment of a dynamic wireless power transfer system based on parallel-series resonant topology. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 10(3), p.49.
Chen, K., Cheng, K.W.E., Yang, Y. and Pan, J., 2021. Stability Improvement of Dynamic EV Wireless Charging System with Receiver-Side Control Considering Coupling Disturbance. Electronics, 10(14), p.1639.
DURMUŞ, F. and KARAGÖL, S., 2021. The Effect of the Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles on State of Charge. AvrupaBilimveTeknolojiDergisi, (26), pp.447-455.
Trung, N.K. and Diep, N.T., 2021. A Maximum Transfer Efficiency Tracking Method for Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems of Electric Vehicles. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021.
Zhu, A., Zhou, H., Deng, Q., Shao, Y., Chen, J., Hu, W. and Li, S., 2021. Modeling and phase synchronization control of high-power wireless power transfer system supplied by modular parallel multi-inverters. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(7), pp.6450-6462.
Diep, N.T. and Trung, N.K., 2022. Transmitting Side Power Control for Dynamic Wireless Charging System of Electric Vehicles. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12(4), pp.9042-9047.
Nguyen, B.X., Vilathgamuwa, D.M., Foo, G.H.B., Wang, P., Ong, A., Madawala, U.K. and Nguyen, T.D., 2014. An efficiency optimization scheme for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11), pp.6310-6319.
Nagendra, G.R., Covic, G.A. and Boys, J.T., 2014. Determining the physical size of inductive couplers for IPT EV systems. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2(3), pp.571-583.
Karakitsios, I., Palaiogiannis, F., Markou, A. and Hatziargyriou, N.D., 2018. Optimizing the energy transfer, with a high system efficiency in dynamic inductive charging of EVs. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(6), pp.4728-4742.
Nayak, P. and Kishan, D., 2020. Presentation analysis of series/parallel and dual side LCC compensation topologies of inductive power transfer for EV battery charging system. Frontiers in Energy, 14(1), pp.166-179.
Aditya, K., 2018. Analytical design of Archimedean spiral coils used in inductive power transfer for electric vehicles application. Electrical Engineering, 100(3), pp.1819-1826.
Byun, J., Kim, M., Joo, D., Lee, W.Y., Choe, G.Y. and Lee, B.K., 2019. Frequency and phase-shift control of inductive power transfer for EV charger with LCCL-S resonant network considering misalignment. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 14(6), pp.2409-2419.
Ai, Y., Hu, X., Li, X. and Zhang, X., 2021. Analysis and study of compact inductive power transfer systems for EV charging. Journal of Power Electronics, 21(5), pp.829-839.
Dai, J. and Ludois, D.C., 2015. Capacitive power transfer through a conformal bumper for electric vehicle charging. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 4(3), pp.1015-1025.
Dai, J., Hagen, S.S. and Ludois, D.C., 2018. High-efficiency multiphase capacitive power transfer in sliding carriages with closed-loop burst-mode current control. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 7(2), pp.1388-1398.
Al-Saadi, M., Al-Gizi, A., Ahmed, S., Al-Chlaihawi, S. and Craciunescu, A., 2019. Analysis of charge plate configurations in unipolar capacitive power transfer system for the electric vehicles batteries charging. Procedia Manufacturing, 32, pp.418-425.
Sinha, S., Kumar, A., Regensburger, B. and Afridi, K.K., 2019. A new design approach to mitigating the effect of parasitics in capacitive wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicle charging. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 5(4), pp.1040-1059.
Yusop, Y., Husin, H., Saat, S., Nguang, S.K. and Ghani, Z., 2016, November. Class-E LCCL for capacitive power transfer system. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon) (pp. 428-433). IEEE.
Yi, K., 2020. Capacitive coupling wireless power transfer with quasi-llc resonant converter using electric vehicles’ windows. Electronics, 9(4), p.676.
Li, L., Wang, Z., Gao, F., Wang, S. and Deng, J., 2020. A family of compensation topologies for capacitive power transfer converters for wireless electric vehicle charger. Applied Energy, 260, p.114156.
Tan, L., Huang, X., Huang, H., Zou, Y. and Li, H., 2011. Transfer efficiency optimal control of magnetic resonance coupled system of wireless power transfer based on frequency control. Science China Technological Sciences, 54(6), pp.1428-1434.
Koh, K.E., Imura, T. and Hori, Y., 2016. Analysis of dead zone in wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling for charging moving electric vehicles. International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, 14(3), pp.152-163.
Shin, H. and Yoo, J., 2018. Magnetic resonator design for wireless power transfer using a mathematical design approach. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 19(9), pp.1347-1353.
Sabanci, K., Balci, S. and Aslan, M.F., 2019. An ensemble learning estimation of the effect of magnetic coupling on switching frequency value in wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles. SN Applied Sciences, 1(12), pp.1-8.
Liao, Z.J., Sun, Y., Xia, C. and Wu, X., 2019. A methodology to achieve the maximum transfer efficiency for magnetic coupling wireless power transfer systems. Electrical Engineering, 101(4), pp.1177-1188.
Gao, T., Wang, X., Jiang, L., Hou, J. and Yang, Y., 2021. Research on power distribution in multiple-input multiple-output magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer system. Electrical Engineering, 103(6), pp.3217-3224.
Ge, X.J., Sun, Y., Wang, Z.H. and Tang, C.S., 2019. A single-source switched-capacitor multilevel inverter for magnetic coupling wireless power transfer systems. Electrical Engineering, 101(4), pp.1083-1094.
Lu, F., Zhang, H., Hofmann, H. and Mi, C.C., 2016. An inductive and capacitive combined wireless power transfer system with LC-compensated topology. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 31(12), pp.8471-8482.
Shin, J., Shin, S., Kim, Y., Ahn, S., Lee, S., Jung, G., Jeon, S.J. and Cho, D.H., 2013. Design and implementation of shaped magnetic-resonance-based wireless power transfer system for roadway-powered moving electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics, 61(3), pp.1179-1192.
Lu, F., Zhang, H., Hofmann, H. and Mi, C.C., 2017. An inductive and capacitive integrated coupler and its LCL compensation circuit design for wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 53(5), pp.4903-4913.
Li, X., Tang, C., Dai, X., Deng, P. and Su, Y., 2017. An inductive and capacitive combined parallel transmission of power and data for wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(6), pp.4980-4991.
Zhou, W., Su, Y.G., Huang, L., Qing, X.D. and Hu, A.P., 2018. Wireless power transfer across a metal barrier by combined capacitive and inductive coupling. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 66(5), pp.4031-4041.
Abramov, E., Zeltser, I. and Peretz, M.M., 2019. A network-based approach for modeling resonant capacitive wireless power transfer systems. CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 4(1), pp.19-29.
Zhou, W., Gao, Q. and Xiang, L., 2021. Inductive–capacitive combined power transfer system and its power superposition characteristic for rail transit inspection vehicle charging. Measurement, 185, p.110022.
Nataraj, C., Khan, S. and Habaebi, M.H., 2018. Coil geometry models for power loss analysis and hybrid inductive link for wireless power transfer applications. Sādhanā, 43(5), pp.1-11.
Agbinya, J.I., 2018. Recursive frequency allocation scheme in wireless power transfer and magnetic induction communication systems. Wireless Personal Communications, 98(1), pp.213-223.
Rituraj, G., Kushwaha, B.K. and Kumar, P., 2020. A unipolar coil arrangement method for improving the coupling coefficient without ferrite material in wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 6(2), pp.497-509.
López-Alcolea, F.J., del Real, J.V., Roncero-Sánchez, P. and Torres, A.P., 2019. Modeling of a magnetic coupler based on single-and double-layered rectangular planar coils with in-plane misalignment for wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(5), pp.5102-5121.
Castillo-Zamora, I.U., Huynh, P.S., Vincent, D., Perez-Pinal, F.J., Rodriguez-Licea, M.A. and Williamson, S.S., 2019. Hexagonal geometry coil for a WPT high-power fast charging application. IEEE transactions on transportation electrification, 5(4), pp.946-956.
Murliky, L., Porto, R.W., Brusamarello, V.J., de Sousa, F.R. and Triviño-Cabrera, A., 2020. Active tuning of wireless power transfer system for compensating coil misalignment and variable load conditions. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 119, p.153166.
Torchio, R., Cirimele, V., Alotto, P. and Freschi, F., 2020. Modelling of road–embedded transmitting coils for wireless power transfer. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 88, p.106850.
Mohamed, N., Aymen, F., Alqarni, M., Turky, R.A., Alamri, B., Ali, Z.M. and Aleem, S.H.A., 2022. A new wireless charging system for electric vehicles using two receiver coils. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(2), p.101569.
Palagani, Y., Mohanarangam, K., Shim, J.H. and Choi, J.R., 2019. Wireless power transfer analysis of circular and spherical coils under misalignment conditions for biomedical implants. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 141, p.111283.
Amato, M., Dalena, F., Coviello, C., De Vittorio, M. and Petroni, S., 2013. Modeling, fabrication and characterization of micro-coils as magnetic inductors for wireless power transfer. Microelectronic Engineering, 111, pp.143-148.
Chen, F., Jiang, P., Yan, G., Wang, W. and Meng, Y., 2021. Design of Multi-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System for Gastrointestinal Capsule Robot. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), 26(1), pp.76-83.
Lee, S.B. and Jang, I.G., 2019. Coil layout optimization for maximizing the power transfer efficiency of wireless power transfer systems with multiple transmitter coils. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 8(3), pp.2672-2681.
Sim, B., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Hong, S., Kim, H. and Kim, J., 2019, July. Design and analysis of double-eight shaped shielding coil for solenoid coil in loosely-coupled wireless power transfer system. In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Signal & Power Integrity (EMC+ SIPI) (pp. 639-643). IEEE.
Yao, Y., Tang, C. and Wang, Y., 2020. Crossed flat solenoid coupler for stationary electric vehicle wireless charging featuring high misalignment tolerance. IET Electric Power Applications, 14(13), pp.2648-2658.
Bima, M.E., Bhattacharya, I. and Van Neste, C.W., 2020. Experimental evaluation of layered DD coil structure in a wireless power transfer system. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 62(4), pp.1477-1484.
Wang, X., Pang, J., Tan, Q., Dong, H., Zhao, N. and Xue, T., 2021. Design of double-layer parallel printed spiral coil for wireless power transfer applied to rotating equipment. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 331, p.112761.
Zhang, Z., Pang, H., Lee, C.H., Xu, X., Wei, X. and Wang, J., 2017. Comparative analysis and optimization of dynamic charging coils for roadway-powered electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53(11), pp.1-6.
Rasekh, N. and Mirsalim, M., 2018, February. Analysis of a compact and efficient DDQ pad integrated to the LCC compensation topology for IPT. In 2018 9th Annual Power Electronics, Drives Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC) (pp. 26-29). IEEE.
Zaheer, A., Kacprzak, D. and Covic, G.A., 2012, September. A bipolar receiver pad in a lumped IPT system for electric vehicle charging applications. In 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (pp. 283-290). IEEE.
Deng, J., Li, W., Nguyen, T.D., Li, S. and Mi, C.C., 2015. Compact and efficient bipolar coupler for wireless power chargers: Design and analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11), pp.6130-6140.
Ahmed, K., Aamir, M., Uddin, M.K. and Mekhilef, S., 2015, December. A new coil design for enhancement in misalignment tolerance of Wireless Charging System. In 2015 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD) (pp. 215-219). IEEE.
Kalwar, K.A., Mekhilef, S., Seyedmahmoudian, M. and Horan, B., 2016. Coil design for high misalignment tolerant inductive power transfer system for EV charging. Energies, 9(11).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
