Encrypting the Electronic Health Record using the Cloud Computing and Blockchain Technologies
Keywords:
Cloud Computing, Electronic health records, BlockchainAbstract
Although safeguarding electronic health records (EHRs) is crucial, there has yet to be a thorough and exhaustive investigation into EHR protection methods specifically within the context of cloud computing and blockchain. The objective of this article is to bridge that gap by conducting a systematic review of the literature on EHR protection mechanisms in cloud and blockchain environments. The results are presented in the form of a traditional taxonomy, which identifies the most recent approaches taken to address this important issue and highlights any remaining unresolved concerns. The classification system introduced in this study is divided into four main categories: algorithms used for safeguarding electronic health records and the platforms utilized in blockchain technology, factors employed to assess the effectiveness of EHR protection, and lastly, tools implemented to ensure the security of electronic health records in cloud computing and blockchain environments. We conducted a review of scientific articles spanning from 2010 to 2022 specifically addressing the safeguarding of electronic health records in cloud computing environments. Additionally, we surveyed scientific articles from 2017 to 2023 that focused on the protection of EHRs in both cloud computing environments and blockchain technology.
In cloud computing, security of electronic health records and minimizing communication costs are critical factors in ensuring security and the timely sharing of EHRs to potentially save a patient's life. These areas have been classified into three categories: approximate, exact, and hybrid methods. Furthermore, this article explores EHR protection measures while also taking into account the advantages and limitations of EHR protection mechanisms within networks.
Downloads
References
J. Zou, D. He, S. Zeadally, N. Kumar, H. Wang, and K. R. Choo, "Integrated Blockchain and Cloud Computing Systems: A Systematic Survey, Solutions, and Challenges," ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 54, pp. 1-36, 2021.
H. B. Mahajan, A. S. Rashid, A. A. Junnarkar, N. Uke, S. D. Deshpande, P. R. Futane, et al., "Integration of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health records systems," Applied Nanoscience, vol. 13, pp. 2329-2342, 2023.
D. K. Murala, S. K. Panda, and S. K. Sahoo, "Securing electronic health record system in cloud environment using blockchain technology," in Recent advances in blockchain technology: real-world applications, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 89-116.
X. Yue, H. Wang, D. Jin, M. Li, and W. Jiang, "Healthcare data gateways: found healthcare intelligence on blockchain with novel privacy risk control," Journal of medical systems, vol. 40, pp. 1-8, 2016.
X.-Y. Wu, Z.-P. Fan, and B.-B. Cao, "An analysis of strategies for adopting blockchain technology in the fresh product supply chain," International Journal of Production Research, pp. 1-18, 2021.
D. Ivan, "Moving toward a blockchain-based method for the secure storage of patient records," in ONC/NIST Use of Blockchain for Healthcare and Research Workshop. Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States: ONC/NIST, 2016, pp. 1-11.
S. Mohapatra and S. Parija, "A brief overview of blockchain algorithm and its impact upon cloud-connected environment," Bitcoin and Blockchain, pp. 99-113, 2020.
S. Mohapatra and A. Roy, "A study on mediclaim processing in connected healthcare system," Trends in Wireless Communication and Information Security: Proceedings of EWCIS 2020, pp. 363-374, 2021.
M. A. Cyran, "Blockchain as a foundation for sharing healthcare data," Blockchain in Healthcare Today, 2018.
S. Shubbar, "Ultrasound medical imaging systems using telemedicine and blockchain for remote monitoring of responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women’s breast cancer: concept and implementation," Kent State University, 2017.
H. S. Hasan, A. A. Abdallah, I. Khan, H. S. Alosman, A. Kolemen, and B. Alhayani, "Novel unilateral dental expander appliance (udex): a compound innovative materials," Computers, Materials and Continua, pp. 3499-3511, 2021.
W. Yahya, K. Ziming, W. Juan, M. Al-Nehari, L. Tengyu, R. Qichao, et al., "Study the influence of using guide vanes blades on the performance of cross-flow wind turbine," Applied Nanoscience, vol. 13, pp. 1115-1124, 2023.
K. Aldiabat, A. Kwekha Rashid, H. Talafha, and A. Karajeh, "The extent of smartphones users to adopt the use of cloud storage," J Comput Sci, vol. 14, pp. 1588-1598, 2018.
A. S. Rashid, K. Tout, and A. Yakan, "The critical human behavior factors and their impact on knowledge management system–cycles," Business Process Management Journal, vol. 27, pp. 1677-1702, 2021.
S. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang, T. Qiu, Y. Yuan, L. Ouyang, et al., "Blockchain-powered parallel healthcare systems based on the ACP approach," IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, vol. 5, pp. 942-950, 2018.
H. Zhao, P. Bai, Y. Peng, and R. Xu, "Efficient key management scheme for health blockchain," CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, vol. 3, pp. 114-118, 2018.
Q. Xia, E. B. Sifah, A. Smahi, S. Amofa, and X. Zhang, "BBDS: Blockchain-based data sharing for electronic medical records in cloud environments," Information, vol. 8, p. 44, 2017.
Q. Xia, E. B. Sifah, K. O. Asamoah, J. Gao, X. Du, and M. Guizani, "MeDShare: Trust-less medical data sharing among cloud service providers via blockchain," IEEE access, vol. 5, pp. 14757-14767, 2017.
Y. ZHANG, R. H. DENG, J. SHU, K. YANG, and D. ZHENG, "Trustworthy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data with Two-side Verifiability via Blockchain."
G. Rathee, A. Sharma, H. Saini, R. Kumar, and R. Iqbal, "A hybrid framework for multimedia data processing in IoT-healthcare using blockchain technology," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 79, pp. 9711-9733, 2020.
M. Jmaiel, M. Mokhtari, B. Abdulrazak, H. Aloulou, and S. Kallel, The Impact of Digital Technologies on Public Health in Developed and Developing Countries: 18th International Conference, ICOST 2020, Hammamet, Tunisia, June 24–26, 2020, Proceedings vol. 12157: Springer Nature, 2020.
G. Yang, C. Li, and K. E. Marstein, "A blockchain‐based architecture for securing electronic health record systems," Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 33, p. e5479, 2021.
L. Huang and H. Lee, "Decentralization and security issues in blockchain enabled internet of things," Wirel Commun Mob Comput, 2020.
D. Ramesh, R. Mishra, P. K. Atrey, D. R. Edla, S. Misra, and L. Qi, "Blockchain based efficient tamper-proof EHR storage for decentralized cloud-assisted storage," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 68, pp. 205-226, 2023.
R. Ch, G. Srivastava, Y. L. V. Nagasree, A. Ponugumati, and S. Ramachandran, "Robust cyber-physical system enabled smart healthcare unit using blockchain technology," Electronics, vol. 11, p. 3070, 2022.
H. Wu, A. D. Dwivedi, and G. Srivastava, "Security and privacy of patient information in medical systems based on blockchain technology," ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), vol. 17, pp. 1-17, 2021.
K. Yu, L. Tan, X. Shang, J. Huang, G. Srivastava, and P. Chatterjee, "Efficient and privacy-preserving medical research support platform against COVID-19: a blockchain-based approach," IEEE consumer electronics magazine, vol. 10, pp. 111-120, 2020.
H. Huang, X. Sun, F. Xiao, P. Zhu, and W. Wang, "Blockchain-based eHealth system for auditable EHRs manipulation in cloud environments," Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 148, pp. 46-57, 2021.
F. Li, K. Liu, L. Zhang, S. Huang, and Q. Wu, "Ehrchain: a blockchain-based ehr system using attribute-based and homomorphic cryptosystem," IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, vol. 15, pp. 2755-2765, 2021.
S. Li, Y. Zhang, C. Xu, N. Cheng, Z. Liu, and X. S. Shen, "Besure: Blockchain-based cloud-assisted ehealth system with secure data provenance," in 2021 IEEE/ACM 29th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQOS), 2021, pp. 1-6.
H. M. Hussien, S. M. Yasin, N. I. Udzir, and M. I. H. Ninggal, "Blockchain-based access control scheme for secure shared personal health records over decentralised storage," Sensors, vol. 21, p. 2462, 2021.
G. G. Dagher, J. Mohler, M. Milojkovic, and P. B. Marella, "Ancile: Privacy-preserving framework for access control and interoperability of electronic health records using blockchain technology," Sustainable cities and society, vol. 39, pp. 283-297, 2018.
T. Benil and J. Jasper, "Cloud based security on outsourcing using blockchain in E-health systems," Computer Networks, vol. 178, p. 107344, 2020.
M. J. Iqbal, S. Aurangzeb, M. Aleem, G. Srivastava, and J. C.-W. Lin, "RThreatDroid: A Ransomware Detection Approach to Secure IoT Based Healthcare Systems," IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, 2022.
X. Yang, T. Li, X. Pei, L. Wen, and C. Wang, "Medical data sharing scheme based on attribute cryptosystem and blockchain technology," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 45468-45476, 2020.
J. Sun, X. Yao, S. Wang, and Y. Wu, "Blockchain-based secure storage and access scheme for electronic medical records in IPFS," IEEE access, vol. 8, pp. 59389-59401, 2020.
U. Chelladurai and S. Pandian, "A novel blockchain based electronic health record automation system for healthcare," Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, pp. 1-11, 2022.
F. Sammy and S. Vigila, "An efficient blockchain based data access with modified hierarchical attribute access structure with CP-ABE using ECC scheme for patient health record," Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2022, 2022.
B. Wang and Z. Li, "Healthchain: A privacy protection system for medical data based on blockchain," Future Internet, vol. 13, p. 247, 2021.
R. Awadallah and A. Samsudin, "Using Blockchain in Cloud Computing to Enhance Relational Database Security," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 137353-137366, 2021.
M. Mayuranathan, M. Murugan, and V. Dhanakoti, "Enhanced security in cloud applications using emerging blockchain security algorithm," Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. 12, pp. 6933-6945, 2021.
S. Son, J. Lee, M. Kim, S. Yu, A. K. Das, and Y. Park, "Design of secure authentication protocol for cloud-assisted telecare medical information system using blockchain," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 192177-192191, 2020.
M. Sohal and S. Sharma, "BDNA-A DNA inspired symmetric key cryptographic technique to secure cloud computing," Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, pp. 1417-1425, 2022.
M. Al-Shabi, "A survey on symmetric and asymmetric cryptography algorithms in information security," International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), vol. 9, pp. 576-589, 2019.
A. H. Alwan and A. H. Kashmar, "FCNN Model for Diagnosis and Analysis of Symmetric Key Cryptosystem," Iraqi Journal For Computer Science and Mathematics, vol. 4, pp. 53-61, 2023.
M. Agrawal and P. Mishra, "A comparative survey on symmetric key encryption techniques," International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 4, p. 877, 2012.
P. P. Pittalia, "A comparative study of hash algorithms in cryptography," International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, vol. 8, pp. 147-152, 2019.
H. H. Hadi and A. A. Neamah, "Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Based on Block Matrices Combined with Elliptic Curves," International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, vol. 11, pp. 353-360, 2023.
M. Bedoui, B. Bouallegue, A. M. Ahmed, B. Hamdi, M. Machhout, Mahmoud, et al., "A Secure Hardware Implementation for Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm," Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng., vol. 44, pp. 2177-2193, 2023.
L. Chen, W.-K. Lee, C.-C. Chang, K.-K. R. Choo, and N. Zhang, "Blockchain based searchable encryption for electronic health record sharing," Future generation computer systems, vol. 95, pp. 420-429, 2019.
N. Saravanan and A. Umamakeswari, "Lattice based access control for protecting user data in cloud environments with hybrid security," Computers & Security, vol. 100, p. 102074, 2021.
K. Chennam and L. Muddana, "An efficient two stage encryption for securing personal health records in cloud computing," International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics, vol. 9, pp. 277-296, 2018.
N. Azeez and H. Iliyas, "Implementation of a 4-tier cloud-based architecture for collaborative health care delivery," Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, vol. 13, pp. 17-25, 2016.
A. Mubarakali, "Healthcare services monitoring in cloud using secure and robust healthcare-based BLOCKCHAIN (SRHB) approach," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 25, pp. 1330-1337, 2020.
A. Al Omar, M. Z. A. Bhuiyan, A. Basu, S. Kiyomoto, and M. S. Rahman, "Privacy-friendly platform for healthcare data in cloud based on blockchain environment," Future generation computer systems, vol. 95, pp. 511-521, 2019.
A. Kumari, V. Kumar, M. Y. Abbasi, S. Kumari, P. Chaudhary, and C.-M. Chen, "Csef: cloud-based secure and efficient framework for smart medical system using ecc," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 107838-107852, 2020.
M. Kim, S. Yu, J. Lee, Y. Park, and Y. Park, "Design of secure protocol for cloud-assisted electronic health record system using blockchain," Sensors, vol. 20, p. 2913, 2020.
M. Mayuranathan, M. Murugan, and V. Dhanakoti, "Enhanced security in cloud applications using emerging blockchain security algorithm," Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. 12, pp. 6933-6945, 2021.
P. Chinnasamy, A. Albakri, M. Khan, A. A. Raja, A. Kiran, and J. C. Babu, "Smart Contract-Enabled Secure Sharing of Health Data for a Mobile Cloud-Based E-Health System," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, p. 3970, 2023.
M. Pourvahab and G. Ekbatanifard, "Digital forensics architecture for evidence collection and provenance preservation in iaas cloud environment using sdn and blockchain technology," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 153349-153364, 2019.
P. Sharma, R. Jindal, and M. D. Borah, "Blockchain-based decentralized architecture for cloud storage system," Journal of Information Security and Applications, vol. 62, p. 102970, 2021.
M. Jayasudha and C. Vijayalakshmi, "Blockchain meets healthcare: Architecture for secure data sharing in unobtrusive medical applications," in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2022.
Q. Althebyan, Q. Yaseen, Y. Jararweh, and M. Al-Ayyoub, "Cloud support for large scale e-healthcare systems," Annals of telecommunications, vol. 71, pp. 503-515, 2016.
L. Zhu, Y. Wu, K. Gai, and K.-K. R. Choo, "Controllable and trustworthy blockchain-based cloud data management," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 91, pp. 527-535, 2019.
N. Eltayieb, R. Elhabob, A. Hassan, and F. Li, "A blockchain-based attribute-based signcryption scheme to secure data sharing in the cloud," Journal of Systems Architecture, vol. 102, p. 101653, 2020.
Y. Khan and S. Verma, "An intelligent blockchain and software-defined networking-based evidence collection architecture for cloud environment," Scientific Programming, vol. 2021, pp. 1-19, 2021.
M. S. K. RM and A. Jayachandran, "ENSURING DATA SECURITY FOR PATIENT HEALTH RECORDS WITH CLOUD-BASED BLOCKCHAIN MONITORING AND ACCURATE DISEASE CLASSIFICATION USING CNN."
M. M. Hassan, "Cost-effective resource provisioning for multimedia cloud-based e-health systems," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 74, pp. 5225-5241, 2015.
Y. Wang, A. Zhang, P. Zhang, and H. Wang, "Cloud-assisted EHR sharing with security and privacy preservation via consortium blockchain," Ieee Access, vol. 7, pp. 136704-136719, 2019.
I. K. Kim, Z. Pervez, A. M. Khattak, and S. Lee, "Chord based identity management for e-healthcare cloud applications," in 2010 10th IEEE/IPSJ International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 2010, pp. 391-394.
S. Boettcher, "Inability of a graph neural network heuristic to outperform greedy algorithms in solving combinatorial optimization problems," Nature Machine Intelligence, vol. 5, pp. 24-25, 2023.
X. Han, Y. Han, Q. Chen, J. Li, H. Sang, Y. Liu, et al., "Distributed flow shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times using an improved iterated greedy algorithm," Complex System Modeling and Simulation, vol. 1, pp. 198-217, 2021.
P. Ghannadi, S. S. Kourehli, and S. Mirjalili, "A review of the application of the simulated annealing algorithm in structural health monitoring (1995-2021)," Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, vol. 17, pp. 51-76, 2023.
J. P. Gabhane, S. Pathak, and N. M. Thakare, "A novel hybrid multi-resource load balancing approach using ant colony optimization with Tabu search for cloud computing," Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, vol. 19, pp. 81-90, 2023.
F. S. Gharehchopogh, "Quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithms: comprehensive survey and classification," Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. 56, pp. 5479-5543, 2023.
M. Abdel-Basset, L. Abdel-Fatah, and A. K. Sangaiah, "Metaheuristic algorithms: A comprehensive review," Computational intelligence for multimedia big data on the cloud with engineering applications, pp. 185-231, 2018.
T. Dokeroglu, E. Sevinc, T. Kucukyilmaz, and A. Cosar, "A survey on new generation metaheuristic algorithms," Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 137, p. 106040, 2019.
Z. Beheshti and S. M. H. Shamsuddin, "A review of population-based meta-heuristic algorithms," Int. j. adv. soft comput. appl, vol. 5, pp. 1-35, 2013.
M. Gen and L. Lin, "Genetic algorithms and their applications," in Springer handbook of engineering statistics, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 635-674.
A. Rezvanian, S. M. Vahidipour, and A. Sadollah, "An Overview of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms for Dynamic Optimization Problems," 2023.
W. Huang and J. Xu, "Particle Swarm Optimization," in Optimized Engineering Vibration Isolation, Absorption and Control, ed: Springer, 2023, pp. 15-24.
Z. Wen, R. Qasha, Z. Li, R. Ranjan, P. Watson, and A. Romanovsky, "Dynamically partitioning workflow over federated clouds for optimising the monetary cost and handling run-time failures," IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, vol. 8, pp. 1093-1107, 2016.
M. Elhoseny, A. Abdelaziz, A. S. Salama, A. M. Riad, K. Muhammad, and A. K. Sangaiah, "A hybrid model of internet of things and cloud computing to manage big data in health services applications," Future generation computer systems, vol. 86, pp. 1383-1394, 2018.
J. Tang, C. Huang, H. Liu, and N. Al-Nabhan, "Cloud Storage Strategy of Blockchain Based on Genetic Prediction Dynamic Files," Electronics, vol. 9, p. 398, 2020.
P. Kumar and K. Silambarasan, "Enhancing the performance of healthcare service in IoT and cloud using optimized techniques," IETE Journal of Research, vol. 68, pp. 1475-1484, 2022.
K. Kavitha and S. C. Sharma, "Performance analysis of ACO‐based improved virtual machine allocation in cloud for IoT‐enabled healthcare," Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 32, p. e5613, 2020.
P. Gupta, M. K. Goyal, A. Mundra, and R. P. Tripathi, "Biogeography-based meta-heuristic optimization for resource allocation in cloud for E-health services," Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 38, pp. 5987-5997, 2020.
[88] P. Eslami and M. S. Hajmohammadi, "A Real Time Memory Resource Management Algorithm in E-health Systems," International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, vol. 11, pp. 7-14, 2017.
A. P. S. Anandaraj and G. Indumathi, "Enhanced Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Load Distribution (EFPSO-LD) for DDOS Attacks Detection and Prevention in Healthcare Cloud Systems," Journal of Internet Technology, vol. 21, pp. 435-445, 2020.
F. Jrad, J. Tao, I. Brandic, and A. Streit, "SLA enactment for large-scale healthcare workflows on multi-cloud," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 43, pp. 135-148, 2015.
Y. Liu, B. Dong, B. Guo, J. Yang, and W. Peng, "Combination of cloud computing and internet of things (IOT) in medical monitoring systems," International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, vol. 8, pp. 367-376, 2015.
S. Luo and B. Ren, "The monitoring and managing application of cloud computing based on Internet of Things," Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 130, pp. 154-161, 2016.
N. Balamurugan, J. Raja, and R. Pitchai, "Multicriteria dragonfly graph theory based resource optimized virtual network mapping technique for home medical care service provisioning in cloud," Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, vol. 13, pp. 1872-1885, 2020.
A. A. Chandavale and A. J. Gade, "Cloudlet based Healthcare and Medical Knowledge Extraction System for Medical Big Data," International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), vol. 16, 2018.
S. Harnal and R. Chauhan, "Towards secure, flexible and efficient role based hospital’s cloud management system: case study," EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology, vol. 6, 2020.
K. Kadarla, S. C. Sharma, T. Bhardwaj, and A. Chaudhary, "A simulation study of response times in cloud environment for iot-based healthcare workloads," in 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), 2017, pp. 678-683.
M. Gorata, A. M. Zungeru, M. Mangwala, and J. Chuma, "Design andImplementation of Security in Healthcare Cloud Computing," 2017.
S. Roy, A. K. Das, S. Chatterjee, N. Kumar, S. Chattopadhyay, and J. J. Rodrigues, "Provably secure fine-grained data access control over multiple cloud servers in mobile cloud computing based healthcare applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, pp. 457-468, 2018.
J. A. Alzubi, "Blockchain-based Lamport Merkle digital signature: authentication tool in IoT healthcare," Computer Communications, vol. 170, pp. 200-208, 2021.
S. Tanwar, K. Parekh, and R. Evans, "Blockchain-based electronic healthcare record system for healthcare 4.0 applications," Journal of Information Security and Applications, vol. 50, p. 102407, 2020.
G. Verma, N. Pathak, and N. Sharma, "A secure framework for health record management using blockchain in cloud environment," in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, p. 012019.
P. Wei, D. Wang, Y. Zhao, S. K. S. Tyagi, and N. Kumar, "Blockchain data-based cloud data integrity protection mechanism," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 102, pp. 902-911, 2020.
K. Mohan and M. Aramudhan, "Broker based trust architecture for federated healthcare cloud system," Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, vol. 23, pp. 477-483, 2017.
D. C. Nguyen, P. N. Pathirana, M. Ding, and A. Seneviratne, "Blockchain for secure ehrs sharing of mobile cloud based e-health systems," IEEE access, vol. 7, pp. 66792-66806, 2019.
A. Zakzouk, A. El-Sayed, and E. E.-D. Hemdan, "A blockchain-based electronic medical records management framework in smart healthcare infrastructure," Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1-19, 2023.
M. Kumar, H. Raj, N. Chaurasia, and S. S. Gill, "Blockchain inspired secure and reliable data exchange architecture for cyber-physical healthcare system 4.0," Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 2023.
M. I. Nordin, A. H. M. Amin, and S. N. M. Shah, "Agent based Resource Broker for medical informatics application in clouds," in 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), 2012, pp. 802-807.
S. E. Hussein and H. Arafat, "An Open Cloud Model for Expanding Healthcare Infrastructure," International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 4, 2013.
X. Qu, Z. Wei, and J. Zhang, "Research on architecture of medical data interaction platform based on cloud services," in Proceedings of 2013 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology, 2013, pp. 130-133.
Y. Liu, L. Zhang, Y. Yang, L. Zhou, L. Ren, F. Wang, et al., "A novel cloud-based framework for the elderly healthcare services using digital twin," IEEE access, vol. 7, pp. 49088-49101, 2019.
J. Raja, N. Balamurugan, and R. Pitchai, "Annealed glowworm optimization graph theory-virtual network mapping for home healthcare in cloud," MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS, vol. 25, pp. 609-619, 2020.
M. Anuradha, T. Jayasankar, N. Prakash, M. Y. Sikkandar, G. Hemalakshmi, C. Bharatiraja, et al., "IoT enabled cancer prediction system to enhance the authentication and security using cloud computing," Microprocessors and Microsystems, vol. 80, p. 103301, 2021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
