Optimal Data Scheduling in Hybrid CDN-P2P Video on Demand System
Keywords:
crow search algorithm, data scheduling, hybrid CDN P2P, parent selection, Video on DemandAbstract
The proliferation of various video applications like video telephony, video conferencing and VoD (Video on Demand) has led to a heterogeneous user base on the Internet. VoD systems empower users with efficient control over video access, enabling them to stream content at their convenience. A Hybrid Peer-to-peer CDN based video on demand systems is an attractive solution for VoD service providers. It combines a traditional CDN with a P2P overlay for exchanging video chunks, reducing the cost of the CDN. However, P2P overlay in VoD systems face challenges, including issues like increase in start-up delay for playing video, underutilization of peer resources, and excessive server load, significantly impacting viewers' quality-of-service (QoS). Efficient data scheduling emerges as a pivotal concern among these challenges, focusing on the effective transmission and dispatching of data segments within the system. This paper introduces a data scheduling approach using swarm intelligence optimization algorithm -Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). The proposed approach first establishes priorities for chunk requests to ensure prompt handling of high-priority requests. By leveraging the CSA, the optimal peer among the neighbour which caches the requested chunks is selected as the parent for the chunk. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is assessed through simulations, revealing superior performance compared to existing methods and resulting in enhanced system efficiency
Downloads
References
K. Feng and Y. Xudong, “A Study on Grid-based VOD System in the E-Learning,” Inf. Technol. Appl. Int. Forum On, vol. 1, pp. 407–410, May 2009, doi: 10.1109/IFITA.2009.52.
S. N. Dhage, S. K. Patil, and B. B. Meshram, “Survey on: Interactive Video-on-Demand (VoD) systems,” in 2014 International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communication and Information Technology Applications (CSCITA), Apr. 2014, pp. 435–440. doi: 10.1109/CSCITA.2014.6839300.
Y. Yang, A. L. H. Chow, L. Golubchik, and D. Bragg, “Improving QoS in BitTorrent-like VoD Systems,” in 2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, Mar. 2010, pp. 1–9. doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2010.5462029.
M. Haddad et al., “A survey on YouTube streaming service,” in Proceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, in VALUETOOLS ’11. Brussels, BEL: ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), May 2011, pp. 300–305.
N. Ramzan, H. Park, and E. Izquierdo, “Video streaming over P2P networks: Challenges and opportunities,” Signal Process. Image Commun., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 401–411, May 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.image.2012.02.004.
H. He, Y. Feng, Z. Li, Z. Zhu, W. Zhang, and A. Cheng, “Dynamic Load Balancing Technology for Cloud-oriented CDN,” Comput. Sci. Inf. Syst., vol. 12, pp. 765–786, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.2298/CSIS141104025H.
A. Passarella, “A survey on content-centric technologies for the current Internet: CDN and P2P solutions,” Comput. Commun., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1–32, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2011.10.005.
G. Zhang, W. Liu, X. Hei, and W. Cheng, “Unreeling Xunlei Kankan: Understanding Hybrid CDN-P2P Video-on-Demand Streaming,” IEEE Trans. Multimed., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 229–242, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1109/TMM.2014.2383617.
Y. Ding, Z. Wu, and L. Xie, “Enabling Manageable and Secure Hybrid P2P-CDN Video-on-Demand Streaming Services Through Coordinating Blockchain and Zero Knowledge,” IEEE Multimed., vol. 30, no. 01, pp. 36–51, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1109/MMUL.2022.3191680.
Z. Ma, K. Xu, and Y. Zhong, “Exploring the policy selection of P2P VoD system — A simulation based research,” in 2012 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Quality of Service, Jun. 2012, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/IWQoS.2012.6245991.
J. Liu, S. G. Rao, B. Li, and H. Zhang, “Opportunities and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Internet Video Broadcast,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 11–24, Jan. 2008, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2007.909921.
N. Magharei and R. Rejaie, “Understanding mesh-based peer-to-peer streaming,” in Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, in NOSSDAV ’06. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, May 2006, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1145/1378191.1378204.
X. Hei, Y. Liu, and K. W. Ross, “IPTV over P2P streaming networks: the mesh-pull approach,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 86–92, Feb. 2008, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2008.4473088.
X. Hei, C. Liang, J. Liang, Y. Liu, and K. W. Ross, “A Measurement Study of a Large-Scale P2P IPTV System,” IEEE Trans. Multimed., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1672–1687, Dec. 2007, doi: 10.1109/TMM.2007.907451.
X. Wei, P. Ding, L. Zhou, and Y. Qian, “QoE Oriented Chunk Scheduling in P2P-VoD Streaming System,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 8012–8025, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2922273.
Y. Cui, B. Li, and K. Nahrstedt, “oStream: asynchronous streaming multicast in application-layer overlay networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 91–106, Jan. 2004, doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2003.818799.
T. T. Do, K. A. Hua, and M. A. Tantaoui, “P2VoD: providing fault tolerant video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment,” in 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577), Jun. 2004, pp. 1467-1472 Vol.3. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2004.1312755.
M. Fouda, T. Taleb, M. Guizani, Y. Nemoto, and N. Kato, “On Supporting P2P-Based VoD Services over Mesh Overlay Networks,” in GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Nov. 2009, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2009.5425840.
M. Hanada and H. Kanemitsu, “P2P Streaming Method Based on Playback Deadline Using Linear Programming,” J. Signal Process., vol. 22, pp. 47–62, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.2299/jsp.22.47.
C. Feng, B. Li, and B. Li, “Understanding the Performance Gap Between Pull-Based Mesh Streaming Protocols and Fundamental Limits,” in IEEE INFOCOM 2009, Apr. 2009, pp. 891–899. doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5061999.
C. Liang, Z. Fu, Y. Liu, and C. W. Wu, “Incentivized Peer-Assisted Streaming for On-Demand Services,” IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1354–1367, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TPDS.2009.167.
Z. Wen, N. Liu, K. L. Yeung, and Z. Lei, “Closest Playback-Point First: A New Peer Selection Algorithm for P2P VoD Systems,” in 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, Dec. 2011, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2011.6134116.
P. Liu, G. Huang, S. Feng, and J. Fan, “Event-Driven High-Priority First Data Scheduling Scheme for P2P VoD Streaming,” Comput. J., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 239–257, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1093/comjnl/bxs127.
S. Yang, Y. Shen, W. Qu, and K. Li, “A Novel On-Demand Streaming Service Based on Improved BitTorrent,” in 2010 Fifth International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology, Aug. 2010, pp. 46–50. doi: 10.1109/FCST.2010.111.
X. Wei, P. Ding, F. Zho, J. Lou, and Y. Gao, “A Load Balancing Strategy based on Request Queue for P2P-VoD System,” in 2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), Jun. 2019, pp. 668–673. doi: 10.1109/IWCMC.2019.8766536.
T. Rohmer, A. Nakib, and A. Nafaa, “Optimal Peer Selection Strategy in P2P-VoD Systems Using Dynamic Evolution Strategy,” in 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum, May 2013, pp. 474–481. doi: 10.1109/IPDPSW.2013.92.
C. Rodrigues, “Analyzing Peer Selection Policies for BitTorrent Multimedia On-Demand Streaming Systems in Internet,” Int. J. Comput. Netw. Commun., vol. 6, pp. 203–221, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.5121/ijcnc.2014.6114.
G. Huang, P. Liu, and X. Gong, “A novel peer selection strategy in P2P VoD system using biased gossip,” in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), Jun. 2015, pp. 372–377. doi: 10.1109/ICCSN.2015.7296186.
J. Zhou, Z. Chen, and G. Feng, “Game theoretical bandwidth request allocation strategy in P2P streaming systems,” in 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Dec. 2013, pp. 1657–1662. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2013.6831311.
Q. Yu, B. Ye, S. Lu, and D. Chen, “Optimal data scheduling for P2P video-on-demand streaming systems,” IET Commun., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1625–1631, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.1049/iet-com.2011.0190.
M. Alshayeji, D. Dias, and M. D. Samrajesh, “Enhanced Chunk Regulation Algorithm for Superior QoS in Heterogeneous P2P Video on Demand,” J. Netw., vol. 10, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.4304/jnw.10.10.567-578.
T. Rohmer, A. Nakib, and A. Nafaa, “Dynamic Strategy Selection based on Evidence Theory. Application on a P2P-VoD system,” IFAC-Pap., vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 775–780, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.868.
G. Sivakumar and V. Venkatachalam, “Artificial Bee Colony Based Data Scheduling for Peer to Peer Network Video on Demand System,” J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., vol. 14, pp. 5907–5914, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1166/jctn.2017.7034.
K. AjithaGladis, “Gravitational search algorithm based data scheduling for peer to peer video on demand system,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 78, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11042-019-7644-y.
X.-S. Yang, Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms. 2010.
A. G. Hussien et al., “Crow Search Algorithm: Theory, Recent Advances, and Applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 173548–173565, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3024108.
A. Askarzadeh, “A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: Crow search algorithm,” Comput. Struct., vol. 169, pp. 1–12, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.03.001.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
