A Comprehensive Survey of High-Performance Routing Techniques in Hybrid Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Delay Tolerant Networks
Keywords:
Hybrid Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Delay Tolerant Networks, high-performance routing, opportunistic routing, predictive mobility modelsAbstract
Hybrid Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) operating in challenging and dynamic environments demand efficient routing mechanisms to ensure reliable and timely data delivery. Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) present a promising approach to address the intermittent connectivity and long delays inherent in such scenarios. This survey article explores the state-of-the-art techniques and considerations for achieving high-performance routing in hybrid MANETs using DTNs. The survey begins by highlighting the unique challenges faced by hybrid MANETs and DTNs, such as network disruptions, intermittent connectivity, and resource limitations. It then delves into various routing metrics and factors that impact routing decisions, including residual energy, link quality, mobility patterns, and predictability of node movements. The store-carry-forward mechanism employed in DTNs is examined in detail, focusing on efficient data storage, replication, and prioritization techniques. Opportunistic routing, a key aspect of DTNs, is discussed, emphasizing its ability to leverage intermittent connections and enhance successful data delivery by selecting intermediate nodes based on proximity or specific criteria. Predictive mobility models are explored as a means to improve routing decisions by estimating future node positions. The importance of multi-hop forwarding is emphasized, showcasing epidemic routing and spray-and-wait as effective schemes for reliable data delivery in the absence of direct communication paths. The survey also highlights the significance of cross-layer optimization, where information exchange between different protocol layers enhances routing decisions. Energy efficiency strategies are examined, including energy-aware routing and dynamic power adjustment, given the limited energy resources in mobile ad hoc networks. Furthermore, the survey emphasizes the importance of Quality-of-Service (QoS) support in hybrid MANETs, with a focus on QoS-aware routing protocols and application-specific requirements.
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