Optimizing Image Transmission in Low-Bandwidth Wireless Sensor Networks for Real-Time Applications
Keywords:
High efficiency video coding, Image compression, Mean Square Error, Peak signal to noise ratio, Wireless multimedia sensor networkAbstract
In wireless image sensor networks, a multimedia sensor node equipped with a miniature camera captures a series of images and transmits them to a sink through multiple wireless hops. This process entails stringent requirements, including reliable data transmission, minimal energy consumption of nodes and low end-to-end delay in image transmission. This work proposes a data compression algorithm with low complexity tailored for WSNs in structural health monitoring and security applications. The algorithm employs a pruning approach to the H.265 compression standard optimized for continuous image frames extracted from real-time videos (exceeding 25 fps). It achieves superior compression ratios compared to original images, facilitating efficient data storage. By reducing the number of data bits, the algorithm extends the network lifetime by mitigating node failures due to resource scarcity. Implementation involves real-time image capture of natural scenes using an advanced Raspberry Pi4B+WSN gateway equipped with camera modules. Evaluation includes various parameters such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error, Bit Rate, Compression Ratio, and Structural Similarity Index. This technique optimally balances energy consumption, image quality and data transmission accuracy in each cycle, demonstrating its effectiveness for practical deployment.
Downloads
References
Pratibha, Sandip Vijay, “A Review of Image Transmission using Real Time Technique over WMSN," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 13, no. 5, ISSN 0973-4562, pp. 2477-2483, 2018.
Ali Hamzah Najim, Sefer Kurnaz “Study of Integration of Wireless Sensor Network and Internet of Things (IoT),” Wireless Personal Communications, August 2023.
Akyildiz F, “Asurvey on wireless multimedia sensor networks” Elsevier Comput Netw J, 51(4):921–960, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2006.10.002
R. Pitchai, G. Reshma, J. Raja, " An efficient packet image transmission based on texture content for border side security using sensor networks ," International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, Vol.13, No.1/2, pp.63–72, 2020.
Xianhui Che, Barry Ip, Zhuge Yan, “Field test of multi-hop image sensing network prototype on a city-wide scale” Digital Communications and Networks, Volume 5, Issue 2,pp. 131-137, May 2019
G. Sudha, C. Tharini, “Energy-efficient image compression algorithm for wireless sensor networks in structural health monitoring applications” Automatika, 65:2, 483-495, 2024, DOI: 10.1080/00051144.2023.2295145
Hui Huang, Zhe Li, " Real-Time Image Transmission Algorithm in WSN with Limited Bandwidth," International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) – ISSN: 1861-2121 – Vol. 14, No. 12, 2018, DOI:https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i12.9494
R. Pitchai, G. Reshma, J. Raja, " An efficient packet image transmission based on texture content for border side security using sensor networks ," International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, 2020 Vol.13 No.1/2, pp.63 – 72, DOI: 10.1504/IJCAET.2020.108104
C. Conti, P. Nunes and L. D. Soares, "HEVC-based light field image coding with bi-predicted self-similarity compensation," IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), pp. 1-4, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ICMEW.2016.7574667.
J. Hao, ‘Image processing and transmission scheme based on generalized Gaussian mixture with opportunistic networking for wireless sensor networks’, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 4228, no. 226, 2015.
Moumita Deb, Abantika Choudhury, “A Review of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network and existing Routing Protocols,” International Journal Computer Science Engg, vol. 6(3), pp. 343-358 2018.
Shalin Hai-Jew, “Techniques for Coding Imagery and Multimedia: Emerging Research and Opportunities” Publisher: IGI Global, ISBN: 9781522526797, 2017, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2679-7.
M. Horton and J. Suh, “A vision for wireless sensor networks,” in Microwave Symposium Digest, IEEE, pp. 361–364, 2005.
D. Gay, P. Levis, R. von Behren, M. Welsh, E. Brewer, D. Culler, “The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems”, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 49, Issue 45, pp 41–51, https://doi.org/10.1145/2641638.2641652.
N. A. Ali, M. Drieberg and P. Sebastian, "Deployment of MICAz mote for Wireless Sensor Network applications," IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE), 2011, pp. 303-308, doi: 10.1109/ICCAIE.2011.6162150.
C. R., I. N. A. Rowe, “A low cost embedded color vision system,” Intell. Robot. Syst. IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 208–213, 2012.
TelosB mote specifications, http://bullseye.xbow.com:81/Products.pdf,Wireless.pdf,TelosBDatasheet.
G. Sudha, C. Tharini, “Energy-efficient image compression algorithm for wireless sensor networks in structural health monitoring applications” Automatika, 65:2, 483-495, 2024, DOI: 10.1080/00051144.2023.2295145
Huang Hui, Li Zhe, "Real-Time Image Transmission Algorithm in WSN with Limited Bandwidth" International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 14, ISSN: 1861-2121, No. 12, 2018.
Roman Strukov, Vassilis Athitsos, “Evaluation of Video Compression Methods for Network Transmission on Diverse Data: A Case Study” 16 International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA '23), pp. 300-305 July 2023.
G. J. Sullivan, “Overview of the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. no. 22, pp. 1649-1668, Dec. 2012.
V. Sze, M. Budagavi, “Design and Implementation of Next-Generation Video Coding Systems (H.265/HEVC Tutorial)” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Melbourne, Australia, June 2014.
T. Kavitha, K. Jaya Sankar, “H.264 Video Compression Using Novel Refined Huffman Codes for Omnipresent Applications” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 131, pp. 2949–2967, 2023.
Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, R. Fan, S. Ma, Z. Chen, C. J. Kuo, "Recent Advances on HEVC Inter-Frame Coding: From Optimization to Implementation and Beyond," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 4321-4339, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TCSVT.2019.2954474.
Bilal Al-Hayani, Haci Ilhan, “Efficient cooperative image transmission in one-way multi-hop sensor network” International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Volume 57, Issue 4, December 2018 https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720918816009
Vujovic V, Maksimovic M. “Raspberry Pi as a wireless sensor node: performance and constraints” 37 International Convention in Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics(MIPRO), 1013–1018; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIPRO.2014.6859717
Astudillo-Salinas F “Minimizing the power consumption in Raspberry Pi to use as a WSN gateway” 8th IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM), 2016.
S Prasath kumar, P Rayavel “Raspberry pi based secured cloud data” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. ICACSE 2020, 1964 042101, 2021, DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1964/4/042101.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
