Optimized High-Frequency Dielectric and Magnetic Properties in Holmium-Doped CoFe₂O₄ Nanostructures
Keywords:
Holmium doping; cobalt ferrite; dielectric loss; magnetic softening; spinel nanostructures; high-frequency behavior; rare-earth substitution; microwave applications.Abstract
Spinel ferrites have attracted tremendous attention for advanced electronic and microwave devices due to their tunable dielectric response and excellent magnetic stability. However, achieving low dielectric loss and controllable magnetic behavior simultaneously remains a critical challenge for high-frequency applications. In this work, Holmium-doped cobalt ferrite nanostructures, CoFe₂₋ₓHoₓO₄ (x = 0.0–0.7), were synthesized through a sol-gel auto-combustion route to investigate the influence of rare-earth substitution on frequency-dependent dielectric and magnetic properties. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure with nanoscale crystallite size, while microstructural observations revealed uniform particle distribution. Comprehensive dielectric analysis demonstrated a notable decrease in dielectric loss and improved dielectric stability at higher frequencies with increasing Ho content, attributed to reduced space-charge polarization and suppressed electron hopping. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry showed a gradual decrease in saturation magnetization and coercivity as Ho³⁺ ions substituted Fe³⁺ at octahedral sites, weakening A–B superexchange interactions and promoting magnetic softening. These combined improvements highlight the effectiveness of Holmium doping in tailoring cobalt ferrite nanostructures for optimized multi-functional performance. The synergistic enhancement in high-frequency dielectric response and tunable magnetic behavior positions Ho-doped CoFe₂O₄ as a promising candidate for microwave absorbers, inductive components, data storage devices, and spintronic systems.Downloads
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