Cardiovascular Disease Overview and Making Healthcare Simply Available via Heartbeat Sensors
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease, Risk factor, Heartbeat sensors, Real-time IoT diagnosis.Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the cause of the greatest number of deaths worldwide. It is statistically number one around the globe on that side. The World Health Organization reported that it causes approximately 17 million deaths each year, and approximately 17.9 million people died in 2019. This represents 32% of all global deaths due to heart attacks and strokes, approximately 17.6–19.1 million in 2020, and approximately 18 million in 2021. There is no exact number of deaths in 2023, whereas in Yemen, it is approximately 27848 per 100,000. The latest study of Yemen revealed that approximately 19.39% of people die around the globe, which represents the top 14 in the World Health Organization ranking in 2020. The risk of this disease continues to increase daily, which has led scientists to work on this disease to reduce the number of deaths. There-fore, this study focused on understanding the major forms of cardiovascular illness. Clarifying the amount of research using pulse and ECG sensors to predict heartbeats from 2017–2023, understanding the most frequent variables used to diagnose cardio-vascular disease. In the future, this study will provide a clear view of how to build a model that predicts a person's status and reduces the number of people who die from cardiovascular disease.
Downloads
References
A. M. Katz, Physiology of the Heart. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.
P. J. Rosch, "Why the heart is much more than a pump," Issues of the heart: The neuropsychotherapist (Special Issue, pp. 1–13). Brisbane, Australia: Dahlitz Media, 2015.
K. F. McBride et al., "Good heart: telling stories of cardiovascular protective and risk factors for Aboriginal women," Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 69-77, 2021.
M. L. Benton, A. Abraham, A. L. LaBella, P. Abbot, A. Rokas, and J. A. Capra, "The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease," Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 269-283, 2021.
M. S. Amran, N. B. Bahar, and S. Akash, "Physiology and Pathology of the Cardiovascular System," in Cardiovascular Diseases: IntechOpen, 2022.
W. H. Organization, World health statistics 2023: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. World Health Organization, 2023.
G. ZWIELEWSKI, "WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. World health statistics 2022: monitoring health for the," Gestão de qualidade em saúde: conceitos e ferramentas da qualidade como estratégia de construção e práticas em gestão em saúde, 2023.
T. Gaziano, K. S. Reddy, F. Paccaud, S. Horton, and V. Chaturvedi, "Cardiovascular disease," Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition, 2006.
I. Peate, "The circulatory system," British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 548-553, 2020.
J. Grune, M. Yamazoe, and M. Nahrendorf, "Electroimmunology and cardiac arrhythmia," Nature Reviews Cardiology, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 547-564, 2021.
G. Savarese, P. M. Becher, L. H. Lund, P. Seferovic, G. M. Rosano, and A. J. Coats, "Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology," Cardiovascular research, vol. 118, no. 17, pp. 3272-3287, 2022.
S. H. Rahimtoola, "The year in valvular heart disease," Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1290-1301, 2013.
A. C. O’Kelly et al., "Pregnancy and reproductive risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women," Circulation research, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 652-672, 2022.
W. Ruamtawee, M. Tipayamongkholgul, N. Aimyong, and W. Manosuthi, "Prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review," BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2023.
J. Lacombe, M. E. Armstrong, F. L. Wright, and C. Foster, "The impact of physical activity and an additional behavioural risk factor on cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality: a systematic review," BMC Public Health, vol. 19, pp. 1-16, 2019.
M. Walli-Attaei et al., "Variations between women and men in risk factors, treatments, cardiovascular disease incidence, and death in 27 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study," The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10244, pp. 97-109, 2020.
L. A. Kaminsky, C. German, M. Imboden, C. Ozemek, J. E. Peterman, and P. H. Brubaker, "The importance of healthy lifestyle behaviors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease," Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 70, pp. 8-15, 2022.
Q. Zhu, T. Wu, and N. Wang, "From Piezoelectric Nanogenerator to Non-Invasive Medical Sensor: A Review," Biosensors, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 113, 2023.
M. A. Said et al., "Contributions of interactions between lifestyle and genetics on coronary artery disease risk," Current cardiology reports, vol. 21, pp. 1-8, 2019.
P. M. Kris-Etherton, P. A. Sapp, T. M. Riley, K. M. Davis, T. Hart, and O. Lawler, "The Dynamic Interplay of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Cardiovascular Health," Current atherosclerosis reports, pp. 1-12, 2022.
M. R. Kamil, "Physiology of the Heart," in Heart Transplantation: Springer, 2023, pp. 19-48.
F. S. Mohsen, B. S. G. de la Peña, F. M. C. Lóriga, P. A. R. Rubio, N. B. A. Rojas, and M. F. González, "Caracterización del síndrome coronario agudo en el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, 2009-2010," Revista Cubana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 397-406, 2012.
C. Shao, J. Wang, J. Tian, and Y.-d. Tang, "Coronary artery disease: from mechanism to clinical practice," Coronary Artery Disease: Therapeutics and Drug Discovery, pp. 1-36, 2020.
M. J. Sarnak et al., "Chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease: JACC state-of-the-art review," Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 74, no. 14, pp. 1823-1838, 2019.
S. Joseph, "CORONARY HEART DISEASES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY," CARMEL GRAPHICS, p. 38.
U. Ralapanawa and R. Sivakanesan, "Epidemiology and the magnitude of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome: a narrative review," Journal of epidemiology and global health, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 169, 2021.
A. Martinez and B. J. Wells, "Vascular Disease Patient Information Page: External iliac artery endofibrosis," Vascular Medicine, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 207-210, 2022.
R. J. Hinchliffe et al., "Guidelines on diagnosis, prognosis, and management of peripheral artery disease in patients with foot ulcers and diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update)," Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, vol. 36, p. e3276, 2020.
V. Cleofort et al., "Evaluation of the ankle brachial index and toe brachial index for peripheral arterial disease diagnosis in patients over 70 years with lower limb ulcers," JMV-Journal de Médecine Vasculaire, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 11-17, 2023.
A. Herraiz-Adillo, I. Cavero-Redondo, C. Alvarez-Bueno, D. P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, and M. Solera-Martinez, "The accuracy of toe brachial index and ankle brachial index in the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Atherosclerosis, vol. 315, pp. 81-92, 2020.
G. Mahé et al., "Discordance of peripheral artery disease diagnosis using exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement and post-exercise ankle-brachial index," Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2020.
J. H. Park et al., "Healthy lifestyle factors, cardiovascular comorbidities, and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest: A case-control study in Korea," Resuscitation, vol. 175, pp. 142-149, 2022.
M. M. Chowdhury and P. A. Coughlin, "Peripheral arterial disease," Surgery (Oxford), 2022.
G. R. Shamaki, F. Markson, D. Soji-Ayoade, C. C. Agwuegbo, M. O. Bamgbose, and B.-M. Tamunoinemi, "Peripheral artery disease: a comprehensive updated review," Current Problems in Cardiology, vol. 47, no. 11, p. 101082, 2022.
D. S. Desai and S. Hajouli, "Arrhythmias," in StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
S. S. Yadav and S. M. Jadhav, "Detection of common risk factors for diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia using machine learning algorithm," Expert systems with applications, vol. 163, p. 113807, 2021.
Z. Bouzid, S. S. Al-Zaiti, R. Bond, and E. Sejdić, "Remote and wearable ECG devices with diagnostic abilities in adults: A state-of-the-science scoping review," Heart Rhythm, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1192-1201, 2022.
J. G. Andrade et al., "Cryoballoon ablation as initial treatment for atrial fibrillation: JACC state-of-the-art review," Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 78, no. 9, pp. 914-930, 2021.
T. Force et al., "2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC," European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 24, no. 1, 2022.
O. Elsaka, "Heart Failure: Causes, Investigations and Updates on Management," 2021.
P. Pellicori et al., "Ultrasound imaging of congestion in heart failure: examinations beyond the heart," European journal of heart failure, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 703-712, 2021.
S. von Haehling et al., "Improving exercise capacity and quality of life using non‐invasive heart failure treatments: evidence from clinical trials," European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 92-113, 2021.
P. Unger and C. Tribouilloy, "Aortic stenosis with other concomitant valvular disease: aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, or tricuspid regurgitation," Cardiology clinics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 33-46, 2020.
E. C. Orton, "Valvular heart disease," Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, pp. 936-943, 2023.
C. Albus and M. Haass, "Main Features of Cardiac Diseases," in Psychocardiology: A practical guide for doctors and psychologists: Springer, 2022, pp. 1-40.
C. S. Rihal, T. J. Simard, and D. R. Holmes Jr, "2000s: Structural Heart Disease," in The Mayo Clinic Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: History, Research, and Innovations: Springer, 2021, pp. 155-185.
R. Nedadur, B. Wang, and W. Tsang, "Artificial intelligence for the echocardiographic assessment of valvular heart disease," Heart, vol. 108, no. 20, pp. 1592-1599, 2022.
L. E. Bodart, Real-Time Three-Dimensional Image Guidance Platform Using Transthoracic Echocardiography and X-Ray Fluoroscopy. The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2021.
J. Rogers, G. Collins, M. Husain, and M. Docherty, "Identifying and managing functional cardiac symptoms," Clinical Medicine, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 37, 2021.
F. ALHosni, M. Al Qadire, O. A. Omari, H. Al Raqaishi, and A. Khalaf, "Symptom prevalence, severity, distress and management among patients with chronic diseases," BMC nursing, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 155, 2023.
K. Crawford, E. Hillegass, and S. B. McNamara, "Cardiovascular diagnostic tests and procedures," Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy-E-Book, p. 308, 2022.
S. A. Unger and A. M. Kucia, "Diagnostic Procedures," Cardiac Care: A Practical Guide for Nurses, pp. 76-102, 2022.
J. L. Rodgers et al., "Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging," Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 19, 2019.
A. R. Nair, A. J. Pillai, and N. Nair, "Cardiovascular changes in menopause," Current cardiology reviews, vol. 17, no. 4, 2021.
S. Korjian and C. M. Gibson, "Chest Pain," Handbook of Inpatient Cardiology, pp. 389-404, 2020.
F. D. Fuchs and P. K. Whelton, "High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease," Hypertension, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 285-292, 2020.
B. Franczyk, J. Rysz, J. Ławiński, M. Rysz-Górzyńska, and A. Gluba-Brzózka, "Is a high HDL-cholesterol level always beneficial?," Biomedicines, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 1083, 2021.
R. H. Eckel, K. E. Bornfeldt, and I. J. Goldberg, "Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose," Cell metabolism, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1519-1545, 2021.
K. S. Park, "Electrocardiogram," in Humans and Electricity: Understanding Body Electricity and Applications: Springer, 2023, pp. 149-172.
D. C. Goff Jr et al., "2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines," Circulation, vol. 129, no. 25_suppl_2, pp. S49-S73, 2014.
K. M. Anderson, P. M. Odell, P. W. Wilson, and W. B. Kannel, "Cardiovascular disease risk profiles," American heart journal, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 293-298, 1991.
R. B. D’Agostino Sr et al., "General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study," Circulation, vol. 117, no. 6, pp. 743-753, 2008.
M. T. F. Dos Reis, L. T. Aguiar, P. d. C. Peniche, and C. D. C. d. M. Faria, "Are age-predicted equations valid in predicting maximum heart rate in individuals after stroke?," Disability and Rehabilitation, pp. 1-7, 2023.
K. V. V. Reddy, I. Elamvazuthi, A. A. Aziz, S. Paramasivam, H. N. Chua, and S. Pranavanand, "Heart disease risk prediction using machine learning classifiers with attribute evaluators," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 18, p. 8352, 2021.
N. Louridi, S. Douzi, and B. El Ouahidi, "Machine learning-based identification of patients with a cardiovascular defect," Journal of Big Data, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 133, 2021.
H. Xiong, M. Liang, and J. Liu, "A real-time QRS detection algorithm based on energy segmentation for exercise electrocardiogram," Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 4969-4985, 2021.
G. N. Ahmad, H. Fatima, M. Abbas, O. Rahman, and M. S. Alqahtani, "Mixed machine learning approach for efficient prediction of human heart disease by identifying the numerical and categorical features," Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 15, p. 7449, 2022.
M. Hajipour et al., "Risk Factors Associated With Heart Failure in Patients With β-Thalassemia," Iranian Heart Journal, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 88-96, 2022.
M. Rathi, K. Godani, K. Nigam, S. Khandelwal, and D. Sharma, "Personalized Heart Monitoring and Reporting System," EasyChair, 2516-2314, 2021.
M. Moshawrab, M. Adda, A. Bouzouane, H. Ibrahim, and A. Raad, "Smart Wearables for the Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 828, 2023.
T. P. T. Armand, M. A. I. Mozumder, S. Ali, A. O. Amaechi, and H.-C. Kim, "Developing a Low-Cost IoT-Based Remote Cardiovascular Patient Monitoring System in Cameroon," in Healthcare, 2023, vol. 11, no. 2: MDPI, p. 199.
K. Meng et al., "Kirigami‐Inspired Pressure Sensors for Wearable Dynamic Cardiovascular Monitoring," Advanced Materials, vol. 34, no. 36, p. 2202478, 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
