Architecting Energy-Efficient Middleware for Hybrid Operating System Environments in Electric Vehicles
Keywords:
Software-Defined Vehicles, Power Management Middleware, Hybrid Virtualization, Real-Time Operating Systems, Suspend-to-RAM, Energy Efficiency, Electric Vehicles, Automotive Embedded SystemsAbstract
The automotive industry is transitioning to software-defined vehicles, with the user experience increasingly defined via the digital cockpit. These in-vehicle infotainment systems have a complex architecture consisting of virtualized safety-critical real-time operating systems and consumer-rich execution environments. A major concern of this architecture is managing power consumption without sacrificing immediate availability of the consumer Rich Execution Environment. With electric vehicles, parasitic load becomes a real range anxiety issue. This paper tackles the problem of reducing parasitic load across virtualization domains to enable wake-up times of less than two seconds while still meeting stringent quiescent current limits․ The work proposes architecture-level techniques for orchestrating power states across virtualization domains․ The Power Management Broker architecture is an example of how centralized state machines and level-based partitioning enable Instant-On user experiences through range-aware enforcement of ultra-low-power sleep states.
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