An Extensive Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques

Authors

  • Sachin Gaur B. T. Kumaon Institute of Technology Dwarahat,India
  • Varun Barthwal H.N.B Garhwal University Pauri Garhwal, India

Keywords:

DWT, DCT, SVD, LSB, ISB, PSNR, NCC, BER

Abstract

With recent advancements in information technology, digital media authenticity has become a major problem, and much study has been done to preserve digital media ownership. In all these investigations, digital image watermarking has become a crucial method. In digital image watermarking, digital content or a watermark is planted in a host image and can be removed to safeguard the host image's ownership. The two primary categories of digital image watermarking approaches are frequency domain and spatial domain. Spatial watermarking involves modifying an image's pixel values with techniques such as least significant bit (LSB) and intermediate significant bit (ISB), whereas frequency domain watermarking involves modifying an image's frequency components with techniques such as discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). An overview of digital image watermarking, including its different types, characteristics, applications, and techniques, is given in this study. The quality of watermarking techniques is also examined using assessment metrics like PSNR and NCC, as well as various assaults that can be used against watermarked images. This wider perspective review on digital image watermarking is for those researchers who wish to get started and conduct research in this area.

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25.12.2023

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Gaur, S. ., & Barthwal, V. . (2023). An Extensive Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(1), 121–145. Retrieved from https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/3771

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Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)

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