Enhancing Passenger Vehicle Performance: A Study of CFD Technique and Machine Learning for Optimal Rear Spoiler Design and Lateral Stability

Authors

  • Raja Karthikeyan K. Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, INDIA
  • Arun Bhosale NBN Sinhgad Technical Institutes Campus, Pune, INDIA
  • Muhammad Sohaib Malik University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Illinois, USA
  • Surrya Prakash Dillibabu Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, INDIA
  • Vijaykumar Kisan Javanjal Dr D Y Patil Institute of Technology Pimpri, Pune, INDIA

Keywords:

CFD, rear end spoiler, lateral stability, machine learning, aerodynamics

Abstract

In this study, the flow structure of a passenger automobile (the Volkswagen Vento) with rear spoilers is analyzed, and the most effective kind among numerous types is determined using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. CREO Parametric is used to create a 3D computer model of a sedan car, and ANSYS Fluent 17.2 is used to analyze forces operating on the element as a whole. The model is subjected to a pressure-based solver with k-ε turbulent model. This design is then utilized as the basis for further study. A spoiler is a component that protrudes from a car's back or tail and can be utilized to increase fuel economy. Although rear spoilers exist in a variety of shapes, they always serve the same purpose: by lowering drag, they enable more air to flow onto the body and reduce friction, maintaining a constant pressure zone beneath the vehicle. The vehicle's rear end spoiler redirects airflow, which aids in lowering flow separation. Because there is less flow separation, there is less drag, which leads to better fuel efficiency. It is researched how the wind will affect the car model with and without 5 types of spoilers. Drag, lift, and down forces are affected by the spoiler's varied shapes and angles. By employing the optimum specifications for the spoiler, the passenger car's vertical balance and fuel efficiency are enhanced. Furthermore, machine learning technique was used to predict the drag and lift force from the data acquired from this study. It was found that the machine learning module used was able to predict with an accuracy of 78% which indicates that the trained model is suitable for design consideration.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Hetawal, M. Gophane, B. K. Ajay, and Y. Mukkamala, “Aerodynamic study of formula SAE car,” Procedia Eng., vol. 97, pp. 1198–1207, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.398.

X. Hu, R. Zhang, J. Ye, X. Yan, and Z. Zhao, “Influence of different diffuser angle on Sedan’s aerodynamic characteristics,” Phys. Procedia, vol. 22, pp. 239–245, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.038.

X. Hu and E. T. T. Wong, “A Numerical Study On Rear-spoiler Of Passenger Vehicle,” pp. 636–641, 2011.

V. S. Modelling, “Aerodynamic analysis of an active rear split spoiler for improving lateral stability of high- speed vehicles Divya Teja Ayyagari and Yuping He *,” vol. 12, 2017.

C. V. K. B. Murugan, P. A. N. Ashik, and P. Raju, “CFD Analysis and Optimization of a Car Spoiler,” vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 128–133, 2015.

R. Chandra and M. Riyad, “CFD Analysis of Passenger Vehicleat Various Angle of Rear End Spoiler,” Procedia Eng., vol. 194, pp. 160–165, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.130.

M. Cakir, “CFD study on aerodynamic effects of a rear wing / spoiler on a passenger vehicle,” 2012.

A. R. Norwazan, A. J. Khalid, A. K. Zulkiffli, O. Nadia, and M. N. Fuad, “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Lift and Drag Force of Sedan Car Spoiler,” vol. 165, pp. 43–47, 2012, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.165.43.

C. S. Yuan, S. Mansor, and M. A. Abdullah, “Effect of Spoiler Angle on the Aerodynamic Performance of Hatchback Model,” vol. 12, no. 22, pp. 12927–12933, 2017.

M. M. Hudson and E. D. Raj, “Investigating the Effect of Rear Spoiler and Rear Diffuser on Aerodynamic Forces using CFD,” vol. 3, no. 26, pp. 1–6, 2015.

S. Cheng and S. Mansor, “Influence of spoiler on the aerodynamic performance of hatchback vehicle,” vol. 01027, 2017.

H. S. Hamut, R. S. El-emam, and I. Dincer, “Effects of rear spoilers on ground vehicle aerodynamic drag,” pp. 627–642, 2014, doi: 10.1108/HFF-03-2012-0068.

T. Ning, Y. Zhang, and L. Fu, “IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering Aerodynamics analysis of the car using Solidworks flow simulation with rear spoiler using CFD Aerodynamics analysis of the car using Solidworks flow simulation with rear spoiler using CFD,” 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757- 899X/993/1/012002.

M. Szudarek, “CFD Analysis of the Influence of the Front Wing Setup on a Time Attack Sports Car ’ s Aerodynamics,” 2021.

D. Syafiq, B. Maji, and N. Mustaffa, “FMC CFD Analysis of Rear-Spoilers Effectiveness on Sedan Vehicle in Compliance with Malaysia National Speed Limit,” vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2021.

S. Bezavada, “Numerical simulation of air flow over a passenger car and the Influence of rear spoiler using CFD Numerical simulation of air flow over a passenger car and the Influence of rear spoiler using CFD,” no. December 2012, 2019.

V. N. Kumar, K. L. Narayan, L. N. V. N. Rao, Y. S. Ram, and V. N. Kumar, “Investigation of Drag and Lift Forces over the Profile of Car with Rearspoiler using CFD,” vol. 1, no. 08, pp. 331–339, 2015, doi: 10.7439/ijasr.

F. Frihdianto, N. Sriwardani, and I. Widiastuti, “ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SPOILER ONE LEVEL AND TWO LEVELS IN CONDITIONS OF STEADY AGAINST THE DRAG AND LIFT COEFFICIENTS ON A SEDAN TYPE CAR BY USING CFD ( COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC),” vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 58–64, 2018.

A. Yadav, P. Rawal, and R. K. Mishra, “Modelling and simulation of aerodynamic performance of Vortex generators for hatch back type cars,” pp. 131–136, 2018, doi: 10.21595/vp.2018.20399.

E. Gunpinar, U. C. Coskun, M. Ozsipahi, and S. Gunpinar, “A Generative Design and Drag Coefficient Prediction System for Sedan Car Side Silhouettes based on Computational Fluid Dynamics,” CAD Comput. Aided Des., vol. 111, pp. 65–79, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2019.02.003.

Y. Liu, L. Lu, L. Fang, and F. Gao, “Modification of Spalart – Allmaras model with consideration of turbulence energy backscatter using velocity helicity,” Phys. Lett. A, vol. 375, no. 24, pp. 2377–2381, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.physleta.2011.05.023.

A. Bueno-orovio and F. Palacios, “Continuous Adjoint Approach for the Spalart – Allmaras Model in Aerodynamic Optimization,” vol. 50, no. 3, 2012, doi: 10.2514/1.J051307.

G. H. Yoon, “Topology optimization for turbulent flow with Spalart-Allmaras model,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2016.01.014.

Y. Bao, D. Zhou, C. Huang, Q. Wu, and X. Chen, “Numerical prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of prismatic cylinder by finite element method with Spalart – Allmaras turbulence model,” Comput. Struct., vol. 89, no. 3–4, pp. 325–338, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.10.019.

A. S. Zymaris, D. I. Papadimitriou, K. C. Giannakoglou, and C. Othmer, “Computers & Fluids Continuous adjoint approach to the Spalart – Allmaras turbulence model for incompressible flows,” Comput. Fluids, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1528–1538, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.12.006.

T. Under and L. Reynolds, “Small-Scale Wind Turbine Testing in Wind Ac ce pt ed nu sc r ip t N ot py ed ite d Ac ce pt Ma r t N Co py ed d,” no. c, 2015, doi: 10.1115/1.4030617.

Z. Yang and M. Schenkel, “Assessment of Closed-Wall Wind Tunnel Blockage using CFD,” vol. 2004, no. 724, 2018.

W. Wang, P. Liu, Y. Tian, and Q. Qu, “Numerical study of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-lift droop nose with the deflection of fowler flap and spoiler,” Aerosp. Sci. Technol., vol. 48, pp. 75–85, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2015.10.024.

“Particle Image Velocimetry in Aerodynamics : Technology and Applications in Wind Tunnels,” vol. 2, pp.229–244, 2000.

H. Snel, “Review of Aerodynamics for Wind Turbines,” vol. 211, pp. 203–211, 2003, doi: 10.1002/we.97.

C. H. Tsai, L. M. Fu, C. H. Tai, Y. L. Huang, and J. C. Leong, “Computational aero-acoustic analysis of a passenger car with a rear spoiler,” Appl. Math. Model., vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 3661–3673, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2008.12.004.

L. Hanimann, L. Mangani, A. K. Dhillon, E. Abdellah, and B. Wang, “Rear-roof spoiler effect on the aerodynamic drag performance of a simplified hatchback model Rear-roof spoiler effect on the aerodynamic drag performance of a simplified hatchback model,” 2017, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001.

Jacob, Sam Jacob, Markus Mrosek, Carsten Othmer, and Harald Köstler. "Deep learning for real-time aerodynamic evaluations of arbitrary vehicle shapes." arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.05798 (2021). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.05798

Downloads

Published

25.12.2023

How to Cite

Karthikeyan K., R. ., Bhosale, A. ., Malik, M. S. ., Dillibabu, S. P. ., & Javanjal , V. K. . (2023). Enhancing Passenger Vehicle Performance: A Study of CFD Technique and Machine Learning for Optimal Rear Spoiler Design and Lateral Stability. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(2), 100–111. Retrieved from https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/4225

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Research Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.

IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.