Self-Evolving LLM Ecosystems for Precision Medicine
Keywords:
Precision Medicine, Self-Evolving LLM, Treatment Optimization, Reinforcement Learning, Personalized Medication, Clinical AI, Multi-Agent Systems, Random Forest ClassifierAbstract
The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized clinical decision-making, yet most remain static post-deployment. This research introduces a self-evolving LLM ecosystem designed for precision medicine, capable of adapting continuously to real-time clinical data, genomic profiles, and treatment outcomes. Based on a structured dataset of personal medications integrated with patient demographics, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes, this paper emulates a shifting learning mechanism as a result of reinforcement-based retraining and the returns of LLM-agents via feedback loops. An evolution of a Random Forest based TreatmentAgent is performed and the performance is measured over five evolution cycles. The predictive accuracy of the model increases by 14% to 41% based on fine-tuning through heavier data samples. An LLM-agent simulator with rules is proposed to recommend treatment refinements using side effects and time of recovery. Exploratory data analysis reveals valuable patterns such as diagnosis-related length of recovery and BMI differentiation to three levels of treatment effectiveness. This study produces an experimental blueprint of how changing AI agents can power hyper-personalized drug choice. The results indicate the viability as well as revolutionary of installing self-evolving intelligence in healthcare infrastructures to maximize patient-specific treatment regimens at scale.
Downloads
References
Raiaan, M.A.K., Mukta, M.S.H., Fatema, K., Fahad, N.M., Sakib, S., Mim, M.M.J., Ahmad, J., Ali, M.E. and Azam, S., 2024. A review on large language models: Architectures, applications, taxonomies, open issues and challenges. IEEE access, 12, pp.26839-26874.
Xue, Z., Zhou, P., Xu, Z., Wang, X., Xie, Y., Ding, X. and Wen, S., 2021. A resource-constrained and privacy-preserving edge-computing-enabled clinical decision system: A federated reinforcement learning approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(11), pp.9122-9138.
Liu, P. and Xiao, L., 2025, March. Improving Clinical Decision Support: Architecture Design of a Multi-agent System based on an Argument Quality Assessment Ontology. In 2025 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) (pp. 313-323). IEEE.
Amirhosseini, M.H., Ayodele, A.L. and Karami, A., 2024, August. Prediction of Depression Severity and Personalised Risk Factors Using Machine Learning on Multimodal Data. In 2024 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Alghamdi, T.A. and Javaid, N., 2022. A survey of preprocessing methods used for analysis of big data originated from smart grids. Ieee Access, 10, pp.29149-29171.
Qadri, A.M., Raza, A., Munir, K. and Almutairi, M.S., 2023. Effective feature engineering technique for heart disease prediction with machine learning. IEEE Access, 11, pp.56214-56224.
Abdellatif, A., Abdellatef, H., Kanesan, J., Chow, C.O., Chuah, J.H. and Gheni, H.M., 2022. Improving the heart disease detection and patients’ survival using supervised infinite feature selection and improved weighted random forest. IEEE Access, 10, pp.67363-67372.
Chen, K., Qi, J., Huo, J., Tian, P., Meng, F., Yang, X. and Gao, Y., 2025, April. A Self-Evolving Framework for Multi-Agent Medical Consultation Based on Large Language Models. In ICASSP 2025-2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Barham, S., Kelbaugh, M., Reddy, A., Ramsden, D., Chandler, C., Tobin-Williams, A., Elhadad, B.S., Cooper, G.R. and Alexander, K., 2024, October. Graph-Based Grounding in a Conversational Clinical Decision Support System. In 2024 International Conference on Assured Autonomy (ICAA) (pp. 31-37). IEEE.
Sahu, H., Kashyap, R. and Dewangan, B.K., 2023, February. Hybrid deep learning based semi-supervised model for medical imaging. In 2022 OPJU International Technology Conference on Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Development (OTCON) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Ishaq, A., Sadiq, S., Umer, M., Ullah, S., Mirjalili, S., Rupapara, V. and Nappi, M., 2021. Improving the prediction of heart failure patients’ survival using SMOTE and effective data mining techniques. IEEE access, 9, pp.39707-39716.
Rawat, B., Joshi, Y. and Kumar, A., 2023, August. AI in healthcare: opportunities and challenges for personalized medicine and disease diagnosis. In 2023 5th International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA) (pp. 374-379). IEEE.
Taimoor, N. and Rehman, S., 2021. Reliable and resilient AI and IoT-based personalised healthcare services
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.