Adaptive Ai Defenses: Bridging Machine Learning and Cybersecurity for Next-Generation Threats

Authors

  • Md Ismail Jobiullah, Ali Raza A Khan, Muhammad Ismaeel Khan, Sakera Begum, Ahmed Sohaib Khawer, Amit Banwari Gupta

Keywords:

Adaptive AI Defenses, Machine Learning in Cybersecurity, Reinforcement Learning, Adversarial Machine Learning, Threat Intelligence

Abstract

The various changes in cyber threats have made the old security systems to be more ineffective in reducing advanced attacks. Since the adversaries adapt, evade, and employ artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to establish adaptive and evasive methods, intelligent self-achieving defense is urgent. This article discusses the incorporation of AI adaptation frameworks into cybersecurity systems to battle the future-generation threats. Exploiting a comprehensive overview of existing ML research and practical deployments, the paper points to the superiority of reinforcement learning, adversarial ML, federated learning, and deep neural networks in building resilience against zero-day attacks, malware, phishing, and advanced persistent threats. An adaptation of this conceptual framework to the domain of adaptive AI defenses is advanced, with modeling of how continual model learning may enable the defender to close the gap between static defensive strategies and changing threats. In evidence-based case performance comparisons, adaptive AI-based systems can do better job in detecting with high accuracies, low false positives and scalability compared to conventional technologies. Concerns about adversarial manipulation, ethical issues, and computational requirements, as well as the provision of future paths, which consist of explainable AI, Policies, and quantum-computing based AI integration are other issues that are discussed in the discussion. This paper can therefore confidently draw adaptive AI defenses as one of the fundamental capabilities of safeguarding online infrastructures in view of the ever-evolving cybersecurity environment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/ijisae.v12i23s.7826

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderson, H. S., Woodbridge, J., & Filar, B. (2016). DeepDGA: Adversarially-tuned domain generation and detection. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security (AISec), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978397

Barreno, M., Nelson, B., Sears, R., Joseph, A. D., & Tygar, J. D. (2006). Can machine learning be secure? Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180405.1180411

Biggio, B., & Roli, F. (2018). Wild patterns: Ten years after the rise of adversarial machine learning. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 29(8), 2030–2043. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2816949

Buczak, A. L., & Guven, E. (2016). A survey of data mining and machine learning methods for cyber security intrusion detection. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(2), 1153–1176. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2015.2494502

Chandola, V., Banerjee, A., & Kumar, V. (2009). Anomaly detection: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 41(3), 15. https://doi.org/10.1145/1541880.1541882

Dalvi, N., Domingos, P., Mausam, Sanghai, S., & Verma, D. (2004). Adversarial classification. Proceedings of the Tenth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1145/1014052.1014066

Garcia-Teodoro, P., Diaz-Verdejo, J., Maciá-Fernández, G., & Vázquez, E. (2009). Anomaly-based network intrusion detection: Techniques, systems and challenges. Computers & Security, 28(1–2), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2008.08.003

Goodfellow, I. J., Shlens, J., & Szegedy, C. (2015). Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples. arXiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1412.6572

Grosse, K., Papernot, N., Manoharan, P., Backes, M., & McDaniel, P. (2017). Adversarial perturbations against deep neural networks for malware classification. arXiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1606.04435

Huang, L., Joseph, A. D., Nelson, B., Rubinstein, B. I. P., & Tygar, J. D. (2011). Adversarial machine learning. Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Security and Artificial Intelligence (AISec), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/2046684.2046692

Kolter, J. Z., & Maloof, M. A. (2006). Learning to detect malicious executables in the wild. Proceedings of the Tenth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 470–478. https://doi.org/10.1145/1014052.1014105

Krägel, C., Vigna, G. (2003). Anomaly detection of web-based attacks. Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1145/948109.948146

Lazarevic, A., Ertoz, L., Kumar, V., Ozgur, A., & Srivastava, J. (2003). A comparative study of anomaly detection schemes in network intrusion detection. Proceedings of the 2003 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611972733.3

Lee, W., & Stolfo, S. J. (1998). Data mining approaches for intrusion detection. Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Security Symposium, 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/SP.1998.695642

LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature, 521, 436–444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539

Moustafa, N., & Slay, J. (2015). UNSW-NB15: A comprehensive data set for network intrusion detection systems (UNSW-NB15 network data set). 2015 Military Communications and Information Systems Conference (MilCIS), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/MilCIS.2015.7348942

Mukkamala, S., Janoski, G., & Sung, A. H. (2002). Intrusion detection using neural networks and support vector machines. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1702–1707. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2002.1007774

Nataraj, L., Karthikeyan, S., Jacob, G., & Manjunath, B. S. (2011). Malware images: Visualization and automatic classification. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security (VizSec), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/2016904.2016908

Papernot, N., McDaniel, P., Wu, X., Jha, S., & Swami, A. (2016). Distillation as a defense to adversarial perturbations against deep neural networks. 2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 582–597. https://doi.org/10.1109/SP.2016.41

Papernot, N., McDaniel, P., Goodfellow, I., Jha, S., Celik, Z. B., & Swami, A. (2017). Practical black-box attacks against machine learning. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 506–519. https://doi.org/10.1145/3052973.3053009

Patcha, A., & Park, J.-M. (2007). An overview of anomaly detection techniques: Existing solutions and latest technological trends. Computer Networks, 51(12), 3448–3470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2007.02.001

Perdisci, R., Corona, I., & Giacinto, G. (2010). Early detection of malicious flux networks via large-scale passive DNS analysis. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18(5), 1240–1253. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2010.2053539

Rieck, K., Trinius, P., Willems, C., & Holz, T. (2011). Automatic analysis of malware behavior using machine learning. Journal of Computer Security, 19(4), 639–668. https://doi.org/10.3233/JCS-2010-0410

Rubinstein, B. I. P., Nelson, B., Huang, L., Joseph, A. D., Lau, S.-H., Rao, S., Taft, N., & Tygar, J. D. (2009). ANTIDOTE: Understanding and defending against poisoning of anomaly detectors. Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/1644893.1644910

Saxe, J., & Berlin, K. (2015). Deep neural network based malware detection using two-dimensional binary program features. 2015 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/MLSP.2015.7324330

Sommer, R., & Paxson, V. (2010). Outside the closed world: On using machine learning for network intrusion detection. 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1109/SP.2010.25

Stolfo, S. J., Wang, K., & Li, W.-J. (2007). Toward stealthy malware detection. Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Workshop on Recurring Malcode (WORM), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/1314389.1314394

Tavallaee, M., Bagheri, E., Lu, W., & Ghorbani, A. A. (2009). A detailed analysis of the KDD CUP 99 data set. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CISDA.2009.5356528

Tsai, C.-F., Hsu, Y.-F., Lin, C.-Y., & Lin, W.-Y. (2009). Intrusion detection by machine learning: A review. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(10), 11994–12000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.02.016

Wang, K., & Stolfo, S. J. (2004). Anomalous payload-based network intrusion detection. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1145/1029146.10291560

Downloads

Published

25.12.2024

How to Cite

Md Ismail Jobiullah. (2024). Adaptive Ai Defenses: Bridging Machine Learning and Cybersecurity for Next-Generation Threats. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(23s), 3653 –. Retrieved from https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/7826

Issue

Section

Research Article