5G Wireless Communication and Its Adverse Effects on the Human Body: Distinguishing Falsehoods from Reality
Keywords:
5G, communication hazard, RF-EMF, Bio-effects, Tissue heating, NeurologicalAbstract
5G is the newest technology for wireless communication available. It allows gadgets like smartphones and Bluetooth-enabled gadgets to share information with one another. Electromagnetic radiation is the sort of energy that 5G uses to function. It's speedier and more efficient since it employs greater frequencies than other wireless connections. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are created when electromagnetic frequencies, such those generated by 5G, are introduced to a region. EMFs are thought to be harmful by some. Therefore, many are worried about the effects of 5G on their health. However, 5G has not yet been connected to any serious health concerns. There were various suggestions about the relationship among 5G and COVID'19, but neither of them was backed by evidence. There had been no real-world analogies, therefore it was reasonable to believe they were all hoaxes. With this article, we have made an effort to explore the various cases that justify these claims.
Downloads
References
Simkó M, Mattsson MO. 5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects-A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 13; 16(18):3406. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16183406.
International Agency for Research on Cancer . Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part. 2: Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. Volume 102. International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon, France: 2013. pp. 1–460.
Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) Opinion on: Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2015;36:480–484. doi: 10.1002/bem.21930.
SSM’s Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields . Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Eleventh report from SSM’S Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields. Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; Stockholm, Sweden: 2016.
WHO. [(accessed on 25 August 2023)]; Available online: https://www.who.int/peh-emf/publications/facts/fs226/en/
K. Nunez, “Is 5G harmful to people?,” Healthline, 10-May-2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.healthline.com/health/is-5g-harmful. [Accessed: 26-Sep-2023].
Deniz OG, Kaplan S, Selçuk MB, Terzi M, Altun G, Yurt KK, Aslan K, Davis D. Effects of short and long term electromagnetic fields exposure on the human hippocampus. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017 Oct-Dec;5(4):191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Jul 13. PMID: 30023254; PMCID: PMC6025790.
Sacco, G., Pisa, S. & Zhadobov, M. Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands. Sci Rep 11, 3983 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82458-z
Who.int, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr208_E.pdf. [Accessed: 26-Sep-2023].
Michael Carlberg, Lennart Hardell, "Evaluation of Mobile Phone and Cordless Phone Use and Glioma Risk Using the Bradford Hill Viewpoints from 1965 on Association or Causation", BioMed Research International, vol. 2017, Article ID 9218486, 17 pages, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9218486
Javier Vila, Michelle C. Turner, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Jordi Figuerola, Joseph D. Bowman, Laurel Kincl, Lesley Richardson, Geza Benke, Martine Hours, Daniel Krewski, Dave McLean, Marie-Elise Parent, Siegal Sadetzki, Klaus Schlaefer, Brigitte Schlehofer, Joachim Schüz, Jack Siemiatycki, Martie van Tongeren, Elisabeth Cardis, Occupational exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields and brain tumor risk in the INTEROCC study: An individualized assessment approach,Environment International, Volume 119,2018,Pages 353-365,ISSN 0160-4120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.038.
R. Kumar, R. Geleta, A. Pandey, and D. Sinwar, “Adverse effects of 5th generation mobile technology on flora and fauna: Review study,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1099, no. 1, p. 012031, 2021.
Bonato, M.; Dossi, L.; Gallucci, S.; Benini, M.; Tognola, G.; Parazzini, M. Assessment of Human Exposure Levels Due to Mobile Phone Antennas in 5G Networks. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031546
Chowdhury, M.Z.; Shahjalal, M.; Hasan, M.K.; Jang, Y.M. The Role of Optical Wireless Communication Technologies in 5G/6G and IoT Solutions: Prospects, Directions, and Challenges. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4367. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204367
Dangi, R.; Lalwani, P.; Choudhary, G.; You, I.; Pau, G. Study and Investigation on 5G Technology: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2022, 22, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010026
Kim, K.; Lee, Y.S.; Kim, N.; Choi, H.-D.; Lim, K.-M. 5G Electromagnetic Radiation Attenuates Skin Melanogenesis In Vitro by Suppressing ROS Generation. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 1449. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081449
Latif, S.; Qadir, J.; Farooq, S.; Imran, M.A. How 5G Wireless (and Concomitant Technologies) Will Revolutionize Healthcare? Future Internet 2017, 9, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9040093
E. Laurence, “Is 5G making you sick? Here’s what experts say,” Forbes, 19-Jun-2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.forbes.com/health/body/is-5g-safe/. [Accessed: 26-Sep-2023]
Karipidis K, Mate R, Urban D, Tinker R, Wood A. 5G mobile networks and health-a state-of-the-science review of the research into low-level RF fields above 6 GHz. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2021 Jul;31(4):585-605. doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00297-6. Epub 2021 Mar 16. PMID: 33727687; PMCID: PMC8263336.
M. U. Hadi and M. K. Ali, "Debunking the Fabricated Myths Around 5G," 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), RUPNAGAR, India, 2020, pp. 567-570, doi: 10.1109/ICIIS51140.2020.9342643.
“Electromagnetic Spectrum stock vector (royalty free) 403313878,” Shutterstock. [Online]. Available: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/electromagnetic-spectrum-403313878. [Accessed: 26-Sep-2023].
Mwangi, J., Cohen, D., Costa, R., Min-ji, K., & Suzuki, H. Optimizing Neural Network Architecture for Time Series Forecasting. Kuwait Journal of Machine Learning, 1(3). Retrieved from http://kuwaitjournals.com/index.php/kjml/article/view/132
Prasad, A. K. ., M, D. K. ., Macedo, V. D. J. ., Mohan, B. R. ., & N, A. P. . (2023). Machine Learning Approach for Prediction of the Online User Intention for a Product Purchase. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 11(1s), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i1s.5992
Juneja, V., Singh, S., Jain, V., Pandey, K.K., Dhabliya, D., Gupta, A., Pandey, D. Optimization-based data science for an IoT service applicable in smart cities (2023) Handbook of Research on Data-Driven Mathematical Modeling in Smart Cities, pp. 300-321.
Kim, K.; Lee, Y.S.; Kim, N.; Choi, H.-D.; Kang, D.-J.; Kim, H.R.; Lim, K.-M. Effects of Electromagnetic Waves with LTE and 5G Bandwidth on the Skin Pigmentation In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010170
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.